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  • About this website
  • Eittlandic
    • The Country of Eittland
    • Typological Outline of the Eittlandic Language
    • Phonetic Inventory and Translitteration
    • Grammar
    • Names and Places
    • Dictionary
      • A
        • að
        • af(i)
        • akaluk
        • alf
        • all
        • Alfshringinssagat
        • almen
        • angak
        • annaman
        • annar
        • amm(a)
        • aptr
        • arm
        • automobil
      • Á
        • á
          • Noun
          • Preposition
        • ábreið(a)
        • áksl
        • áng
        • ást
        • áð
      • B
        • bak
        • barn
        • bát
        • ber(a)
        • bern
        • bil
        • birt(i)
        • bjálf(i)
        • blá
        • bleik
        • blóð
        • borð
        • boðorð
        • boðorðsman
        • borg
        • bráð
        • brév
        • bróð(i)
        • bróðdótt(u)
        • bróðson
        • brún
        • bók(a)
        • bøk
        • bú
        • bú(a)
        • byr(ja)
      • C
      • D
        • dag
        • dá-
        • djúp
        • djúplig
        • dótt(u)
        • dyr
        • dýn(a)
        • dýnsábreið(a)
        • dýnskláð
        • dýr
        • dýrgríp(a)
        • dœtt(i)
      • Đ
      • E
        • edd(a)
        • eð
        • ef
        • ei
        • eig(i)
        • ein(n)
        • einnig
        • Eittland
        • ekt(a)
        • ektakon(a)
        • ektaman
        • eld
        • ell(a)
        • en
        • eng(i)
        • engin
        • epil
        • eptir
        • eptirdag
        • enn
        • et(a)
        • eyr(a)
      • É
      • F
        • fað(i)
        • faðarsyst
        • far
        • far(a)
        • fár
        • feð
        • ferð
        • fé
        • fing
        • finn(a)
        • fisk
        • fjall
        • flekk
        • fløyg(a)
        • foreld
        • Frídag
        • fogl
        • fót
        • fœð
        • frjánd(i)
        • frjándkon(a)
        • frjándman
        • fylgj(a)
      • G
        • gamal
        • gang(a)
        • gauð
        • gauð(a)
        • gef
        • gef(a)
        • gegn
        • geit
        • ger(a)
        • gleym(a)
        • goð
        • góð
        • grað(a)
        • grann(i)
        • grá
        • gríp(a)
        • grœn
        • gul
      • H
        • haf
        • hals
        • han
        • haust
        • hav(a)
        • há
        • hánd
        • hár
        • hás
        • háv
        • hávn
        • hávuð
        • háðsdýn
        • hef(ja)
        • heim
        • heils(a)
        • her
        • hest
        • himin
        • historja
        • hjá
        • hjól
        • hlaup(a)
        • hler(a)
        • hleð
        • hleð(a)
        • hlóð
        • hlust(a)
        • hneis(a)
        • hneising
        • hnjós(a)
        • hóst
        • hrifs
        • hring
        • Hringarherinssagat
        • hros
        • hug(a)
        • hugaleið(a)
        • hund
        • hús
        • hval
        • hvar
        • hvat
        • hvenár
        • hver
        • hvernig
        • hversdag
        • hví
        • hvíl(a)
        • hvílskláð(i)
        • hvít
      • I
        • -ig(i)
        • -ing
        • ikkí
        • ilag(a)
        • ilagaskap
        • ilaglig
        • ill(u)
        • inhald
        • iþat
        • Internet
      • Í
        • í
        • ís
      • J
        • jak
        • já
      • K
        • kanik
        • kanik(a)
        • kann
        • kaup
        • kaup(a)
        • kájak
        • káppok
        • kátt
        • kenn(a)
        • ker
        • kék
        • kept
        • kláð(a)
        • kláð(i)
        • kné
        • kom(a)
        • kon(a)
        • Konung
        • konunɡliɡ
        • krydd
        • kú
        • kúr(a)
      • L
        • land
        • lat
        • Laurdag
        • lág
        • lágsman
        • lás(a)
        • leik
        • leik(a)
        • leið(a)
        • legg
        • lent(e)
        • les(a)
        • ligg(ja)
        • list
        • list(i)
        • listsmið
        • lit
        • lit(a)
        • líf
          • hav líf
        • lífsván
        • lík(a)
        • lít(a)
        • ljós
        • lok(a)
        • lykil
      • M
        • mag(i)
        • man
        • man(u)
        • mastergrað(a)
        • maðr
        • mál(a)
        • málskipan
        • mán(i)
        • mánsveg
        • Mánsdag
        • mat
        • metr(o)
        • með
        • Meðkonung
        • mikil
        • mið
        • mjúk
        • móð
        • móðirsyst
        • munn
        • mynd
        • myrgun
        • mœð
        • mœt(a)
      • N
        • nakt
        • nanuk
        • ná
        • nágrann(i)
        • nákkur
        • náng
        • nef
        • nei
        • nem
        • nem(a)
        • nipt
        • norvegsúlf
        • not(a)
        • ný
      • O
        • ok
        • ov
        • opin
        • opn(a)
        • opt
        • orð
        • orðtak
        • orðtak(a)
      • Ó
        • ó-
        • ótraust
        • Óðin
        • Óðinsdag
        • óglað
        • óss
        • óveð
        • óvin
      • P
        • panig
        • park
        • pengvin
        • pos(i)
      • R
        • ras
        • rauð
        • ráð
        • ráðspell
        • ráðuneyt(i)
        • regn
        • regn(a)
        • rekkja (noun)
        • rekkja (verb)
        • rekkláð
        • rít(a)
        • rúm
        • rúmvin
      • S
        • -smið
        • sag(a)
        • sagj(a)
        • sam
        • samrekkja
        • sand
        • sann
        • sauð
        • sá
        • sáing
        • sáingkláð
        • sem
        • send(a)
        • sél
        • sit(ja)
        • síð(a)
        • síðan
        • sjá
        • sjá
        • sjón
        • sjónvarp
        • sjónvarphús
        • sjúk
        • skal(a)
        • skap
        • skáp
        • skil(ja)
        • skip
        • skipan
        • skipt(a)
        • skín
        • skín(a)
        • skít
        • skítráð
        • skóg
        • smár
        • smársov
        • smársov(a)
        • smer
        • smer(a)
        • snár
        • son
        • sorg
        • sov
        • sov(a)
        • sovn(a)
        • sól
        • sólskin
        • sólskin(a)
        • spell
        • stað
        • staðug
        • stand(a)
        • stein
        • sterk
        • stern(a)
        • stóð
        • stóð(a)
        • stól
        • styrsamhald(i)
        • sumar
        • sunn(a)
        • Sunsdag
        • svar(a)
        • svart
        • svá
        • svín
        • syng(ja)
        • syst
        • systirdótt(u)
        • systirson
      • T
        • tak(a)
        • tal(a)
          • Noun
          • Verb
        • tarr(a)
        • tasik
        • tán
        • til
          • til ná
        • Tíbet
        • ton
        • tonlist
        • traust
        • tren
        • tung(a)
        • týr
        • Týr
        • Týsdag
      • Þ
        • þá
        • þegar
        • þess(i)
        • Þór
        • Þórsdag
        • því
      • U
        • ublun(a)
        • um
        • undir
        • undirland
        • universitet
        • uppá
      • Ú
        • úlf
      • V
        • varm
        • varn(a)
        • varnað
        • varp
        • vatn
        • váð
        • ván
        • ván(a)
        • veð
        • vef
        • vefsíð
        • veg
        • veisheit
        • veit(a)
        • veiting
        • veitingstað
        • vel
        • ver(a)
        • verk
        • verp(a)
        • vest
        • vetr
        • vél
        • vétal(a)
        • vik(a)
          • Days of the week
        • vilja
        • vin
        • vinbú
        • vind
        • vindker
        • vindaug(a)
        • vinn(a)
        • vit
        • visk(a)
      • Y
        • ynnlig
      • Ý
      • Z
      • Ø
      • Œ
        • Œgir
  • Proto-Ñyqy
    • Introduction
    • Culture of the Proto-Ñyqy People
    • Typological Outline of Proto-Ñyqy
    • Phonetics and Phonology of Proto-Ñyqy
    • Syntax
    • Dictionary
  • Zikãti

Dictionary

Below you will find a simple Eittlandic to English dictionary. It uses some abbreviations you should keep in mind:

  • acc: accusative
  • adj: adjective
  • adv: adverb
  • art: article
  • aux: auxiliary
  • c: common
  • comp: comparative
  • conj: conjunction
  • Dan: Danish
  • dat: dative
  • def: definite
  • det: determiner
  • Eng: English
  • EON: Early Old Norse
  • f: feminine
  • gen: genitive
  • Ger: German
  • imp: imperative
  • in: irregular noun
  • ind: indicative
  • interr: interrogative
  • iv: irregular verb
  • m: masculine
  • mass: mass noun
  • ME: Middle Eittlandic
  • n: neuter
  • neg: negative
  • nom: nominal
  • Nor: Norwegian (Nynork if no dialect is specified)
  • num: numeral
  • OE: Old Eittlandic
  • OI: Old Icelandic
  • ON: Old Norse
  • pas: passive
  • pl: plural
  • pn: proper noun
  • prep: preposition
  • pret: preterite
  • pron: pronoun
  • sg: singular
  • sn: strong noun
  • stg: strong
  • sv: strong verb
  • Swe: Swedish
  • wk: weak
  • wn: weak noun
  • wv: weak verb

Note that when a word is marked solely as masculine, feminine or neutral, it is a noun. Otherwise, another marker such as adj. should be added, for instance f.adj. for a feminine adjective.

All words are indexed by their spelling as determined by Standard Eittlandic, which roughly corresponds to the accusative of other dialects.

All words are indexed by a standardized traditional spelling, with occasionally their Standard Eittlandic spelling specified below in the word’s entry. Each noun has its declension presented to the reader as a guide to how it might generally look in dialects other than Standard Eittlandic. Other variations may exist from one dialect to another that are not presented here. For instance, while most Eittlandic dialects lost the ru part of the dat.pl. declention, going from férum to fém, some dialects in East Northern Eittland still retain the former form.

Letters in parenthesis are no longer used when writing Eittlandic but are still underlying vowels that can still affect the pronunciation of the word and its surroundings. For instance, dag can represent three forms of the word: dagr, dag and daga (the -r and -a are silent in Standard Eittlandic). The first form is pronounced /daɣ/ while the other two are pronounced /daj/. They can also represent grammatical cases which are no longer used in Standard Eittlandic, such as dagr. While it exists as is in several Eittlandic dialects, it doesn’t exist as dagr in Standard Eittlandic, only as dag. The underlying vowel also reappears when the word is used in its definite form. For instance, dagr becomes dagann due to the underlying -a in its accusative form dag(a) while fiskr becomes fiskinn (the «i» is added when no other underlying vowel can replace it). The definite form of a noun is indicated in its declension table.

A

að

prep. /ɑð/, from ON að

As a preposition, að generally indicates motion or direction towards something, or attachment to something. It can be translated as to, towards, or at.

  1. (part.) to, used to indicate the infinitive form of a verb

    Example

    Han byrt að syng

    She started to sing

  2. to, towards, used to indicate direction or destination

    Example

    • Hann fert að borgin

      He went to the city

    • Ek sendt brévit að vinin

      I sent the letter to friends

    Unlike til, að emphasizes on the proximity towards the goal, or in the case of a movement (physical or metaphorical), of an approach of the goal.

    Some dialects also prefer to use að rather than til.

  3. at, in, used to indicate location or position

    Example

    • Ek býr að þett húsit

      I live in this house

    • Vár mœtumk að veitingstaðin

      We met at the restaurant

  4. on, upon, used to indicate contact or support

    Example

    • Bókann liggjar að borðit

      The book is next to the table

    • Hann sitjar að stólin

      He sits down in the chair

af(i)

wn.m. /ɑf/, from ON afi

  1. grand-father
  2. old, elderly man
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.afafitafrafitr
Acc.afafitafafit
Dat.afafitafumafitum
Gen.afsafitsafsafit

akaluk

sn.m. /ˈɑk.ɑl.ok/, probably a Tunrit borrowing

  1. snow-capped mountain
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.akalukrakalukinnakalukrakalukinn
Acc.akalukakalukinakalukakalukin
Dat.akalukakalukinakalukumakalukinum
Gen.akalukarakalukinsakalukarakalukin

See also fjall.

alf

wn.m. /ɑlf/

  1. power, might
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.alfalfitalfralfitr
Acc.alfalfitalfalfit
Dat.alfalfitalfumalfitum
Gen.alfsalfitsalfsalfit

all

/ɑlː/, from ON allr

  1. indef.pron. all, everyone, everything
  2. adj.
    1. all, whole or entire entity

      Example

      Allt húsit er litit.

      The house is completely painted.

      all-thús-iterlit-it
      all-sg.n.NOMhouse.NOM-DEFto.be.3sg.presto.paint-part.adj.sg.n.NOM
    2. all, complete group or set

      Example

      Allar bátinn er í hávnin.

      All the boats are in the harbour.

    3. all, full extent or duration

      Example

      • Allar daginn var sólskinn.

        All the days were sunny.

      • Allr daginn er varmr ná!

        The whole day is warm, isn’t it?

    4. all, quite, entirely, completely

      Example

      Svá er allt góðt!

      It’s all good / alright!

 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.allrallt
Acc.allallt
Dat.allumallum
Gen.allsalls
Pl.Nom.allarall
Acc.allall
Dat.allumallum
Gen.allarallr

Alfshringinssagat

pn. /ˈɑlfs.ˌr̥iŋ.ins.ˌsɑj.ɑt/

  1. The Rings of Power

almen

adj. /ɑlmen/

  1. general, global
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.almennalmenar
Acc.almenumalmenum
Dat.almenalmen
Gen.almenalmenar
Pl.Nom.almensalmens
Acc.almenumalmenum
Dat.almentalmen
Gen.almentalmenn

angak

sn.m. /ˈɑŋɡ.ɑk/, a Tunrit-inherited word

  1. uncle; the brother of one’s parent, with a connotation of being an elder or respected figure
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.angakrangakinnangakrangakinn
Acc.angakangakinangakangakin
Dat.angakangakinangakumangakinum
Gen.angakarangakinsangakarangakin

annaman

sn.n. /ˈɑnː.ɑ.ˌmɑn/, from annar and man

  1. someone else
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.annamanannamanitannamanannamanitr
Acc.annamanannamanitannamanannamanit
Dat.annamanannamanitannamanumannamanitum
Gen.annamansannamanitsannamansannamanit

annar

/ɑnː.ɑr/

  1. other, different

amm(a)

wn.f. /ɑmː/, from ON amma

  1. grand-mother, granny
  2. old, elderly woman
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.ammammatammammatr
Acc.ammammatammammat
Dat.ammammatammumammatum
Gen.ammsammatsammsammat

aptr

adv., prep. /ɑɸtr̩/, from ON aptr

  1. behind, in or to the rear of, at the back of

    Example

    Hann standt aptr húsit

    He stood behind the house

  2. after in time or sequence

    Example

    Ek kœmt hér aptr þér

    I came here after you

  3. supporting or backing someone or something

    Example

    Ek standar aptr þér

    I stand behind you, i.e. I support you

  4. lagging or falling behind in progress or development

    Example

    Hann er aptr í nem

    He is behind his studies

arm

sn.m. /ɑrm/, from ON armr

  1. arm
  2. sleeve; the part of a garment that covers the arm
  3. branch; a secondary woody stem growing from the trunk or a bough of a tree
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.armrarminnarmrarminn
Acc.armarminarmarmin
Dat.armarminarmumarminum
Gen.armararminsarmararmin

automobil

wn.n. /ˈɔtoˌmobel/, from Ancient Greek αὐτός and Latin mōbilis. See also bil

  1. car (motorcar, automobile), rarely used

See bil for declensions.

Á

á

Noun

sn.f. /ɛ̀/, from ON á

  1. river
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.áránnáránn
Acc.áánáán
Dat.áánáumánum
Gen.áránsárán

Preposition

prep. /ɛ̀/, from ON á

As a preposition, á indicates a position or static location on a surface, in time, or in state. It generally triggers the accusative for temporal uses, while it triggers the dative for any other use.

  1. on, upon, used to indicate position or location on a surface

    Example

    • Bókann liggjar á borðit

      The book is on the table

    • Hann sitjar á stólin

      He sits on the chair

  2. at, used to indicate a specific time or occasion

    Example

    Vár mœtumk á Óðinsdag

    We met on Wednesday

  3. in, within, used to indicate a state or condition

    Example

    Han es á far

    She is on a journey

ábreið(a)

wn.f. /ɛ̀brɑɪð/, from ON ábreiða

  1. bed covering, cover, bedspread
  2. any kind of cloth used for beds

Alternative form: ébreið(a)

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.ábreiðábreiðatábreiðrábreiðitr
Acc.ábreiðábreiðatábreiðábreiðit
Dat.ábreiðábreiðatábreiðumábreiðitum
Gen.ábreiðsábreiðatsábreiðarábreiðit

áksl

sn.f. /ɑksl̩/, from EON áxl

  1. shoulder (anatomy)
  2. shoulder blade; the flat, triangular bone at the upper back part of the shoulder
  3. ridge of a mountain
  4. axle
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.ákslrákslinnákslrákslinn
Acc.ákslákslinákslákslin
Dat.ákslákslinákslumákslinum
Gen.ákslarákslinsákslarákslin

áng

interj. /ɛŋ/, probably a Tunrit borrowing

  1. positive counter-factual, see the questions section of the grammar

See also náng.

Alternative form: éng

ást

sn.f. /ɛ̀ʃt/, from ON ást

  1. love, affection
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.ástrástinnástrástinn
Acc.ástástinástástin
Dat.ástástinástumástinum
Gen.ástarástinsástarástin

áð

adv. /ɛ̀ð/, from ON áðr

  1. before, temporal precedence or higher priority

B

bak

sn.n. /bɑk/, from ON bak

  1. back; the rear part of the human body, extending from the neck to the buttocks
  2. rear, reverse; the side or part of something that is opposite the front
  3. support, backing; the part of something that provides strength or reinforcement from behind
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.bakbakitbakbakitr
Acc.bakbakitbakbakit
Dat.bakbakitbakumbakitum
Gen.baksbakitsbaksbakit

barn

sn.n. /bɑrn/, from ON barn

  1. child
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.barnbarnitbarnbarnitr
Acc.barnbarnitbarnbarnit
Dat.barnbarnitbarnumbarnitum
Gen.barnsbarnitsbarnsbarnit

bát

sn.m. /bɛ̀t/, from ON bátr

  1. boat; a small vessel used for traveling on water
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.bátrbátinnbátrbátinn
Acc.bátbátinbátbátin
Dat.bátbátinbátumbátinum
Gen.bátarbátinsbátarbátin

ber(a)

sv. /ber/, from ON bera

  1. to transport or convey something from one place to another
  2. to hold and move something
  3. to endure, to tolerate; to withstand something difficult or painful

Declensions:

  • infinitive: ber
  • imperative: ber
  • imperative passive voice: berask
  • present participle: berand
  • past participle: berit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s berarberirbertberumk
2s berarberirbertbersk
3s berarberirbertberask
1p berumberimberumberumk
2p beriðberiðberuðberask
3p beriðberiðberuðberask

bern

sn.m. /bern/, from EON bern

  1. bear
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.bernnberninnbernnberninn
Acc.bernberninbernbernin
Dat.bernberninbernumberninum
Gen.bernarberninsbernarbernin

See also nanuk.

bil

wn.n. /βil/, shortened from of automobil

  1. car (motorcar, automobile)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.bilbilitbillbilitr
Acc.bilbilitbilbilit
Dat.bilbilitbilumbilitum
Gen.bilsbilitsbilsbilit

birt(i)

wn.f. /birt/, from ON birti

  1. brightness, the quality or state of giving off or reflecting light (see also ljós)
  2. clarity, the quality or state of being clear or easily understood
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.birtbirtitbirtrbirtitr
Acc.birtbirtitbirtbirtit
Dat.birtbirtitbirtumbirtitum
Gen.birtsbirtitsbirtsbirtit

bjálf(i)

wn.m. /βjɛ̀lf/, from ON bjálfi

  1. skin, fur (animals)
  2. skin (human’s, colloquial)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.bjálfbjálfitbjálfrbjálfitr
Acc.bjálfbjálfitbjálfbjálfit
Dat.bjálfbjálfitbjálfumbjálfitum
Gen.bjálfsbjálfitsbjálfsbjálfit

blá

adj. /blɛ̀/, from ON blár

  1. blue
  2. cold (colour)
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.blárblát
Acc.bláblát
Dat.blámumblámum
Gen.blásblás
Pl.Nom.blárarblá
Acc.bláblá
Dat.blámumblámum
Gen.blárarblár

bleik

adj. /blɑɪk/, from ON bleikr

  1. pinkish yellow
  2. warm (colour)
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.bleikrbleikar
Acc.bleikumbleikum
Dat.bleikbleik
Gen.bleikbleikar
Pl.Nom.bleiksbleiks
Acc.bleikumbleikum
Dat.bleiktbleik
Gen.bleiktbleikr

blóð

sn.n. /blɔ̀ð/, from ON blóð

  1. blood; the red liquid that circulates in the veins and arteries of humans and other vertebrate animals

  2. kinship, lineage; the relationship betweenpeople who share ancestors

    Example

    Vér eruð af sam blóð.

    We are of the same blood/family/lineage.

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.blóðblóðitblóðblóðitr
Acc.blóðblóðitblóðblóðit
Dat.blóðblóðitblóðumblóðitum
Gen.blóðsblóðitsblóðsblóðit

borð

sn.n. /borð/

  1. table
  2. large plank
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.borðborðitborðborðitr
Acc.borðborðitborðborðit
Dat.borðborðitborðumborðitum
Gen.borðsborðitsborðsborðit

boðorð

sn.m. /boð.orð/

  1. a rule
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.boðorðrboðorðinnboðorðrboðorðinn
Acc.boðorðboðorðinboðorðboðorðin
Dat.boðorðboðorðinboðorðumboðorðinum
Gen.boðorðarboðorðinsboðorðarboðorðin

boðorðsman

sn.m. /ˈboð.orð.ˌmɑn/, from boðorð and man

  1. judge
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.boðorðsmannboðorðsmaninnboðorðsmannboðorðsmaninn
Acc.boðorðsmanboðorðsmaninboðorðsmanboðorðsmanin
Dat.boðorðsmanboðorðsmaninboðorðsmanumboðorðsmaninum
Gen.boðorðsmanarboðorðsmaninsboðorðsmanarboðorðsmanin

borg

sn.f /borg/, from ON borg

  1. city
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.borgrborginnborgrborginn
Acc.borgborginborgborgin
Dat.borgborginborgumborginum
Gen.borgarborginsborgarborgin

bráð

sn.m. /brɛ̀ð/

Alternative form: bréð

See bróð

brév

sn.n. /brɛ̀β/, from ON bréf

  1. letter, a written or printed communication, generally transported by post, especially when it is a fomal communication from one person or organisation to another
  2. episle, a formal or literary letter, especially one addressed to a specific audience or dealing with a particular subject
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.brévbrévitbrévbrévitr
Acc.brévbrévitbrévbrévit
Dat.brévbrévitbrévumbrévitum
Gen.brévsbrévitsbrévsbrévit

bróð(i)

sn.m. /brɔ̀ð/ , from ON bróðir

  1. brother, plural bráð

Re-analysis of ON bródir decomposed into bróð + -ir by popular etymology. Same goes for its former plural bráðir which got re-analyzed into bráð + -ir.

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.bróðrbróðinnbráðrbráðinn
Acc.bróðbróðinbráðbráðin
Dat.bróðirbróðinbráðirbráðinum
Gen.bróðbróðinsbráðumbráðin

bróðdótt(u)

sn.f. /ˈbrɔ̀ð.dɔ̀tː/, from bróð and dótt

  1. niece; the daughter of one’s brother

For decliensions, see dótt(u)

bróðson

sn.m. /ˈbrɔ̀ð.ˌson/, from bróð and son

  1. nephew; the son of one’s brother

For declensions, see son

brún

adj. /bròn/, from ON brúnn

  1. brown, dark red
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.brúnnbrúnt
Acc.brúnbrúnt
Dat.brúnumbrúnum
Gen.brúnsbrúns
Pl.Nom.brúnarbrún
Acc.brúnbrún
Dat.brúnumbrúnum
Gen.brúnarbrúnn

bók(a)

sn.f. /bɔ̀k/, from ON bók

  1. book, plural bøk
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.bókrbókannbøkrbøkann
Acc.bókbókanbøkbøkan
Dat.bókarbókanbøkarbøkanum
Gen.bókbókansbøkumbøkan

bøk

sn.f. /bø̀k/

See bók

bú

wn.m. /bò/

  1. dweller
  2. general meaning of neighbour, can also mean someone living in the neighbourhood or in the same general area

See also grann(i) and nágrann(i)

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.búbúitbúrbúitr
Acc.búbúitbúbúit
Dat.búbúitbúumbúitum
Gen.búsbúitsbúsbúit

bú(a)

wv. /bò/, from ON búa

  1. to live, to dwell, to reside or have one’s home in a prarticular place
  2. to inhabit, to occupy, to live or occupy a place as a resident

Declensions:

  • infinitive: bú
  • imperative: bú
  • imperative passive voice: búask
  • present participle: búand
  • past participle: búit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s býrbúirbytbúmk
2s býrbúirbytbúðisk
3s býrbúirbytbúðisk
1p búmbúimbymbúmk
2p búiðbúiðbyðbúðisk
3p búiðbúiðbyðbúðisk

byr(ja)

wv. /byr/, from ON byrja

  1. to begin, to start, to initiate an action or event, often with a sense of informality or immediacy
  2. to commence, to initiate; to mark the start of something

Declensions:

  • infinitive: byr
  • imperative: byr
  • imperative passive voice: byrjask
  • present participle: byrjand
  • past participle: byrit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s byrjarbyrirbyrtbyrjumk
2s byrjarbyrirbyrtbyrtisk
3s byrjarbyrirbyrtbyrtisk
1p byrjumbyrimbyrjumbyrjumk
2p byriðbyriðbyrjuðbyrtisk
3p byriðbyriðbyrjuðbyrtisk

C

D

dag

sn.m. /daɣ/, from ON dagr

  1. natural day
  2. day (unit of time), 24 hours
  3. í dag: today
  4. week day
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.dagr /daɡr̩/daginndagrdaginn
Acc.dag /daɣ/dagindagdagin
Dat.dag /daj/dagindagumdaginum
Gen.dagar /dajar/daginsdagardagin

Due to the phonological evolution of Eittlandic, the pronunciaton of the final «g» of dag ends up differing even if the written form does not. As such, a guide is included in the declension table to help students remember how these different forms are pronounced.

dá-

prefix /ˌdɛ̀/, unknown etymology

  1. adjective intensifier, dáX is very X

djúp

adj. /ʒːòp/, from ON djúpr

  1. deep
  2. profound (figuratively)

Alternative form: djóp

 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.djúprdjúpt
Acc.djúpdjúpt
Dat.djúpumdjúpum
Gen.djúpsdjúps
Pl.Nom.djúpardjúp
Acc.djúpdjúp
Dat.djúpumdjúpum
Gen.djúpardjúpr

djúplig

adv. /ʒːòpleɣ/, from OE djúpr (see djúp) with OE suffix -ligr (see ON -ligr)

  1. deeply
  2. inherently

Alternative form: djópleg

dótt(u)

sn.f. /dɔ̀tː/, from ON dóttir

  1. daughter

See also panig

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.dóttrdóttunndóttrdóttunn
Acc.dóttdóttundóttdóttun
Dat.dóttdóttundóttumdóttunum
Gen.dótturdóttunsdótturdóttun

dyr

sn.f. /dyr/, from ON dyrr

  1. door
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.dyrrdyrinndyrrdyrinn
Acc.dyrdyrindyrdyrin
Dat.dyrdyrindyrumdyrinum
Gen.dyrardyrinsdyrardyrin

dýn(a)

wn.f. /dø̀n/, from ON dýna

  1. mattress
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.dýndýnatdýnndýnatr
Acc.dýndýnatdýndýnat
Dat.dýndýnatdýnumdýnatum
Gen.dýnsdýnatsdýnsdýnat

dýnsábreið(a)

wn.f. /dø̀ns.ɛ̀b.rɑɪð/, from dýn and ábreið

  1. blanket

Alternative form: dønsébreið(a)

See ábreið for declensions.

dýnskláð

wn.n. /ˈdø̀nʃˌklɛ̀ð/, from dýn(a) and kláð(i).

  1. pillow case, litt. “pillow clothes”

Alternative form: dǿnskléð

See kláð(i) for declensions.

dýr

sn.n. /dø̀r/, from ON dýr.

  1. animal
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.dýrdýritdýrdýritr
Acc.dýrdýritdýrdýrit
Dat.dýrdýritdýrumdýritum
Gen.dýrsdýritsdýrsdýrit

dýrgríp(a)

wn.f. /ˈdø̀r.ˌɡrèp/, from dýr and gríp(a)

  1. predator; an animal that hunts and kills other animals for food

    Example

    Dýrgripat finnt fœð.

    The predator found food/sustenance.

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.dýrgrípdýrgrípatdýrgríprdýrgrípatr
Acc.dýrgrípdýrgrípatdýrgrípdýrgrípat
Dat.dýrgrípdýrgrípatdýrgrípumdýrgrípatum
Gen.dýrgrípsdýrgrípatsdýrgrípsdýrgrípat

dœtt(i)

sn.f. /dœ̀tː/, from ON dóttir

Plural of dótt(i).

Đ

E

edd(a)

wn.f. /edː/, from ON edda

  1. great grandmother
  2. female ancestor, beyond the grandmother
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.eddeddanneddreddann
Acc.eddeddaneddeddan
Dat.eddaseddaneddameddanum
Gen.eddaseddanseddaseddan

eð

conj. /eð/, from ON eða

Dialectal variety of ell(a)

ef

adv. /ef/, from ON ef

  1. if, in case, in case that

Always followed by a conditional verbal phrase or a noun if speakers can infer the verbal phrase from it.

ei

Regional variation of eig.

eig(i)

adv. /ɑɪɣ/, in some regions /ɑɪ/ and written ei, from ON eigi

  1. not, negative marker of a verb

ein(n)

/ɑɪn/, from ON einn

  1. num.
    1. one (cardinal)
  2. adj.
    1. alone
    2. single
  3. pronoun.
    1. one
    2. a few, some (plural)
Table 1: Declension of ein as a pronoun
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.einneininneinneininn
Acc.eineinineineinin
Dat.eineinineinumeininum
Gen.einareininseinareinin
Table 2: Declension of ein as an adjective
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.einneitt
Acc.eineitt
Dat.einumeitum
Gen.einseits
Pl.Nom.einareit
Acc.eineit
Dat.einumeitum
Gen.einareitr

einnig

adv. /ɑinːiɣ/, from ON einnig

  1. also, too

    Something is in addition to something that hwas already been said

  2. likewise, similarly

    Something is the same or similar to something that has already been said

    Example

    Ek málar Fransk, ok hann einnig

    I speak French, and so does he.

  3. moreover, furthermore

    Introduce new but related information

Eittland

sn.n. /ɑɪʔlɑnd/, from OE neutral einn (alone, lonely), itself from ON einn, and ON land

  1. High Kingdom of Eittland
  2. island of Eittland
 Sg.
Nom.Eittland
Acc.Eittland
Dat.Eittland
Gen.Eittlands

ekt(a)

/ekt/, from ON ektar-

  1. adj. wedded
  2. wn.n. spouse
  3. wv. to marry
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.ektrektt
Acc.ektektt
Dat.ektumektum
Gen.ektsekts
Pl.Nom.ektarekt
Acc.ektekt
Dat.ektumektum
Gen.ektarektr
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.ektektatektrektatr
Acc.ektektatektektat
Dat.ektektatektumektatum
Gen.ektsektatsektsektat

Declensions:

  • infinitive: ekt
  • imperative: ekt
  • imperative passive voice: ektask
  • present participle: ektand
  • past participle: ektit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s ektarektirektektumk
2s ektarektirektekttisk
3s ektarektirektekttisk
1p ektumektimektumektumk
2p ektiðektiðektuðekttisk
3p ektiðektiðektuðekttisk

ektakon(a)

sn.f. /ˈekt.ɑ.ˌkon/, from ekt(a) and kon(a)

  1. wife

For declensions, see kon(a)

ektaman

sn.m. /ˈekt.ɑ.ˌmɑn/, from ekt(a) and man

  1. husband

For declensions, see man

eld

sn.m. /eld/, from ON eldr

  1. fire, the phenomenon of combustion characterised by the emission of heat and light

  2. passion, intensity, driving force, strong emotion or enthusiasm; intense feeling or desire; a powerful and motivating force

    Example

    Hann havir eld fyrir verkit hennum

    He has great passion for his project

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.eldreldinneldreldinn
Acc.eldeldineldeldin
Dat.eldeldineldumeldinum
Gen.eldareldinseldareldin

ell(a)

/elː/, from ON ella, see also eð

  1. (adv.) else, or, otherwise
  2. (conj.) or

en

conj. /en/, from ON en. See also nem

  1. yet, still
  2. but (general purpose, links phrases as in English)

eng(i)

det. /eŋ/, from ein(n) and -(i)g

  1. no, not any
  2. any (after negative or comparative)

For the indefinite pronoun usage, see Indefinite pronouns (grammar)

Table 3: eng-declension
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.engekk
Acc.engekk
Dat.engumeng
Gen.engrarenks
Pl.Nom.engareng
Acc.engeng
Dat.engumengum
Gen.engrengr

engin

indef.pron. /eŋen/, from ON enginn

  1. no one, none
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.enginnekkert
Acc.enginekkert
Dat.engumeng
Gen.engrarengrar
Pl.Nom.engarengin
Acc.engarengin
Dat.engumengum
Gen.engarengar

epil

wn.n. /ˈepel/, from ON epli

  1. apple
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.epilepilitepillepilitr
Acc.epilepilitepilepilit
Dat.epilepilitepilumepilitum
Gen.epilsepilitsepilsepilit

eptir

prep. /eɸter/, from ON eptir

  1. after

  2. afterwards

  3. according to, based on

  4. in search of, seeking for

    Example

    Ek em eptir Konung, kannuð ér sagja mér hvar es hann?

    I’m looking for the King, can you tell me where he is?

    ekemeptirkonung
    1s.NOMto.be.1s.PRES.INDafterking
    kann-uðérsagjamérhvareshan-n
    can-2p2p.NOMto.tell1s.DATwhereto.be.3s.PRES.IND3s.m-NOM

eptirdag

adv. /eɸterdɑj/, from eptir and dag (dative)

  1. tomorrow

enn

adv. /enː/, from ON enn

  1. yet
  2. still

et(a)

iv. /et/, from ON eta

  1. to eat
  2. to consume
  3. to burn fuel (generally fire)

Declensions:

  • infinitive: et
  • imperative: et
  • imperative passive voice: etask
  • present participle: etand
  • past participle: etat
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s etaretirátetumk
2s etaretirátesk
3s etaretirátesk
1p etumetimátumetimk
2p etiðetiðátuðetisk
3p etiðetiðátuðetisk

eyr(a)

wn.n. /œʏr/, from ON eyra

  1. ear

  2. hearing; the sense or ability to perceive sound

  3. attention, heed; the act of listening carefully

    Example

    Ek geft eyr hans.

    I paid attention to him (litt. I gave him ears)

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.eyreyrateyrreyratr
Acc.eyreyrateyreyrat
Dat.eyreyrateyrumeyratum
Gen.eyrseyratseyrseyrat

É

F

fað(i)

sn.m. /fað/, from ON faðir

  1. father, plural feð

Re-analysis of sg. faðir and pl. feðir as fað and feð respectively, each appended with a grammatical -r or -ir (which later got reduced to -r).

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.faðrfaðinnfeðrfeðinn
Acc.faðfaðinfeðfeðin
Dat.faðfaðinfeðumfeðinum
Gen.faðarfaðinsfeðarfeðin

faðarsyst

sn.f. /ˈfɑð.ɑr.ˌsyʃt/, from fað and syst

  1. aunt; the sister of one’s brother

For declensions, see syst.

See also móðirsyst.

far

sn.f. /fɑr/, from EON far

  1. journey, trip, an act of traveling from one place to another
  2. travel, the action of journeying, especially to distant places
  3. expedition, a journey undRtaken for a specific purpose, often involving exploration or research
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.farrfarinnfarrfarinn
Acc.farfarinfarfarin
Dat.farfarinfarumfarinum
Gen.fararfarinsfararfarin

far(a)

iv. /fɑr/, from ON fara

  1. to go, to move, to proceed from one place to another
  2. to travel, to journey, to go from one place to another, especially over a considerable distance
  3. to transport, to convey, to move people or goods from one place to another
  4. to happen, to occur, to take place

Declensions:

  • infinitive: far
  • imperative: far
  • imperative passive voice: farsk
  • present participle: farand
  • past participle: farit
person Indicative PresentSubjunctive PresentPastPassive
1s ferarferirfertferumk
2s ferarferirfertferisk
3s ferarferirfertferisk
1p farumfarimfarumfarumk
2p fariðfariðfaruðfarask
3p fariðfariðfaruðfarask

fár

adj. and indef.pron. /fɛ̀r/, from ON fár

  1. few, in small numbers

The pronoun is usually in its plural form while the singular form is reserved for the adjective.

 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.fárrfárt
Acc.fárfárt
Dat.fárumfárum
Gen.fársfárs
Pl.Nom.fárarfár
Acc.fárfár
Dat.fárumfárum
Gen.fárarfárr

feð

sn.m. /feð/

See fað

ferð

sn.m. /ferð/, from EON ferðr

  1. fjord, a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs, typically formed by submerged glacial activity
  2. inlet, bay, a recess in the shoreline, often narrow and partly surrounded by land
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.ferðrferðinnferðrferðinn
Acc.ferðferðinferðferðin
Dat.ferðferðinferðumferðinum
Gen.ferðarferðinsferðarferðin

fé

in.n.mass. /fɛ̀/, from ON fé

  1. wealth
 SingularPlural
Nom.féfé
Acc.féfé
Dat.féfém
Gen.fésfés

fing

sn.m. /fiŋɡ/, from ON fingr

  1. finger
  2. digit; any of the digits of the hand, including the thumb
  3. pointer, indicator; something that points or directs attention to something else
  4. pointer (computer)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.fingrfinginnfingrfinginn
Acc.fingfinginfingfingin
Dat.fingfinginfingumfinginum
Gen.fingarfinginsfingarfingin

finn(a)

wv. /finː/, from ON finna

  1. to find; to discover or perceive something by chance or search
  2. to find out or become aware of something through effort or investigation

Declensions:

  • infinitive: finn
  • imperative: finn
  • imperative passive voice: finnask
  • present participle: finnand
  • past participle: finnit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s finnarfinnirfinntfinnumk
2s finnarfinnirfinntfinndisk
3s finnarfinnirfinntfinndisk
1p finnumfinnimfinnumfinnumk
2p finniðfinniðfinnuðfinndisk
3p finniðfinniðfinnuðfinndisk

fisk

sn.m. /fiʃk/, from ON fiskr

  1. fish
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.fiskrfiskinnfiskrfiskinn
Acc.fiskfiskinfiskfiskin
Dat.fiskfiskinfiskumfiskinum
Gen.fiskarfiskinsfiskarfiskin

fjall

sn.n. /fjɑlː/, from ON fjall

  1. mountain
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.fjallfjallitfjallfjallitr
Acc.fjallfjallitfjallfjallit
Dat.fjallfjallitfjallumfjallitum
Gen.fjallsfjallitsfjallsfjallit

See also akaluk.

flekk

sn.m. /flek/, from ON flekkr

  1. spot, e.g. of colour
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.flekkrflekkinnflekkrflekkinn
Acc.flekkflekkinflekkflekkin
Dat.flekkflekkinflekkumflekkinum
Gen.flekkarflekkinsflekkarflekkin

fløyg(a)

iv. /flœʏj/, from EON fleuga

  1. to fly, to move through the air using wings or an aircraft
  2. to rush, to hurry, to move or act quickly
  3. to flee, to escape, to run away from danger or difficulty

Declensions:

  • infinitive: fløyg
  • imperative: fløyg
  • imperative passive voice: fløygask
  • present participle: fløygand
  • past participle: fløygit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s flýgarfløygirflófløygumk
2s flýgarfløygirflófløygsk
3s flýgarfløygirflófløygisk
1p fløygumfløygimflugumfløygumk
2p fløygiðfløygiðfluguðfløygisk
3p fløygiðfløygiðfluguðfløygisk

foreld

sn.m. /ˈfor.eld/, from ON foreldri

  1. parent
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.foreldrforeldinnforeldrforeldinn
Acc.foreldforeldinforeldforeldin
Dat.foreldforeldinforeldumforeldinum
Gen.foreldirforeldinsforeldirforeldin

Frídag

sn.m. /frèdɑɣ/, from EON fríadagr

  1. Friday, sixth day of the week

For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.

fogl

sn.m. /fogl̩/, from ON fugl

  1. bird
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.fuglfuglinnfuglfuglinn
Acc.fuglfuglinfuglfuglin
Dat.fuglfuglinfuglumfuglinum
Gen.fuglarfuglinsfuglarfuglin

fót

sn.m. /fɔ̀t/, from ON fótr

  1. foot
  2. base, foundation; the lowest part or support of something
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.fótrfótinnfótrfótinn
Acc.fótfótinfótfótin
Dat.fótfótinfótumfótinum
Gen.fótarfótinsfótarfótin

fœð

wn.f. /fœ̀ð/, from ON fæða

  1. food, nourishment; substance that provides nutrients for growth and maintenance; mostly used in the context of providing sustenance and nutrition, especially for animals; can refer to both human and animal food, with a focus on the nutritional aspect

Similarly to mat, while it is an uncountable noun, its plural form can be used to refer to different types of food.

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.fœðfœðatfœðrfœðatr
Acc.fœðfœðatfœðfœðat
Dat.fœðfœðatfœðumfœðatum
Gen.fœðsfœðatsfœðsfœðat

See also mat.

frjánd(i)

wn.m. /frjɛ̀nd/, from ON frændi

  1. uncle; the brother of one’s parent
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.frjándfrjánditfrjándrfrjánditr
Acc.frjándfrjánditfrjándfrjándit
Dat.frjándfrjánditfrjándumfrjánditum
Gen.frjándsfrjánditsfrjándsfrjándit

frjándkon(a)

sn.f. /ˈfrjɛ̀nd.ˌkon/, from frjánd and kon

  1. cousin; the child of one’s parent’s sibling (female)

For declensions, see kon(a).

See also ill (generic term for cousin) and frjándman (male cousin).

frjándman

sn.m. /ˈfrjɛ̀nd.ˌmɑn/, from frjánd and man

  1. cousin; the child of one’s parent’s sibling (male)

For declensions, see man.

See also ill (generic term for cousin) and frjándkon (female cousin).

fylgj(a)

wv. /fyʎ/, from ON fylgja

  1. to follow
  2. to stand with (metaphorically)

Declensions:

  • infinitive: fylgja /fyʎ/
  • imperative: fylgja /fyʎ/
  • imperative passive voice: fylgjask
  • present participle: fylgjand
  • past participle: fylgjat
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s fylgjarfylirfylgjatfylgjumk
2s fylgjarfylirfylgjatfylðisk
3s fylgjarfylirfylgjatfylðisk
1p fylgjumfylimfylgjumfylgjumk
2p fyliðfyliðfylgjuðfylðisk
3p fyliðfyliðfylgjuðfylðisk

G

gamal

adj. /ˈjɑmɑl/, from ON gamall

  1. old, ancient
  2. old (age)
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.gamallgamalar
Acc.gamalumgamalum
Dat.gamalgamal
Gen.gamalgamalar
Pl.Nom.gamalsgamals
Acc.gamalumgamalum
Dat.gamaltgamal
Gen.gamaltgamall

gang(a)

iv. /jɑŋ/, from ON ganga

  1. to go, to walk, to move or travel on foot
  2. to proceed, to advance, to move forward or make progress
  3. to function, to open, to work or perform as intended

Declensions:

  • infinitive: gang
  • imperative: gakk
  • imperative passive voice: gangask
  • present participle: gangand
  • past participle: genginn
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s gengargangirgekkgangumk
2s gengargangirgekkgangsk
3s gengargangirgekkgangask
1p gangumgangimgangumgangumk
2p gangiðgangiðganguðgangask
3p gangiðgangiðganguðgangask

gauð

wn.f. /jɔð/, from ON gauð (a barking)

  1. a quarrel
  2. a heated debate (informal)

Alternative form: jauð

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.gauðgauðitgauðrgauðitr
Acc.gauðgauðitgauðgauðit
Dat.gauðgauðitgauðumgauðitum
Gen.gauðsgauðitsgauðsgauðit

gauð(a)

wv. /jɔð/, from Eittlandic gauð

  1. to have a quarrel
  2. to argue, have a heated debate (informal)

Alternative form: jauð

Declensions:

  • infinitive: gauð
  • imperative: gauð
  • imperative passive voice: gauðask
  • present participle: gauðand
  • past participle: gauðin
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s gauðargauðirgauðtgauðumk
2s gauðargauðirgauðtgauððisk
3s gauðargauðirgauðtgauððisk
1p gauðumgauðimgauðumgauðumk
2p gauðiðgauðiðgauðuðgauððisk
3p gauðiðgauðiðgauðuðgauððisk

gef

sn.f. /jev/, from Early Old Norse gjef

  1. gift, present

Alternative form: jev

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.gefrgefinngefrgefinn
Acc.gefgefingefgefin
Dat.gefgefingefumgefinum
Gen.gefargefinsgefargefin

gef(a)

wv. /jev/, from Early Old Norse gjef

  1. to give; to transfer the possession of something to someone

    Example

    Ek geft henn bókan.

    I gave her the book.

  2. to provide, to supply; to make something available for use

    Example

    Hann gefr oss mat.

    He provides us with food.

  3. to cause, to bring about; to make something happen

    Example

    Han geft hanum sorg.

    She caused him sorrow.

  4. to yield, to produce; to generate a result or outcome

Declensions:

  • infinitive: gef
  • imperative: gef
  • imperative passive voice: gefask
  • present participle: gefand
  • past participle: gefit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s gefargefirgeftgefumk
2s gefargefirgeftgefdisk
3s gefargefirgeftgefdisk
1p gefumgefimgefumgefumk
2p gefiðgefiðgefuðgefdisk
3p gefiðgefiðgefuðgefdisk

gegn

adv. /jeɡn̩/, from ON gegn

  1. against, opposing

Alternative form: jegn

geit

sn.f. /jɑɪt/, from ON geit

  1. she-goat
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.geitrgeitinngeitrgeitinn
Acc.geitgeitingeitgeitin
Dat.geitgeitingeitumgeitinum
Gen.geitargeitinsgeitargeitin

See also haf

ger(a)

iv. /jer/, from ON göra

  1. to do, to make
  2. to act

Unlike its English counterpart to do, the Eittlandic verb ger(a) is not a modal verb.

Declensions:

  • infinitive: ger
  • imperative: ger
  • imperative passive voice: gerask
  • present participle: gerand
  • past participle: gerð
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s gergergerðgerumk
2s gerargerirgerðirgerisk
3s gerargergerðirgerisk
1p gerumgerimgerðumgerumk
2p geriðgeriðgerðuðgerisk
3p gergergerðgerisk

gleym(a)

sv. /ɡløʏm/, from ON gleyma

  1. to forget

Alternative form: gløym

Declensions:

  • infinitive: gleym
  • imperative: gleym
  • imperative passive voice: gleymsk
  • present participle: gleymand
  • past participle: gleymit
person Indicative PresentSubjunctive PresentPastPassive
1s gleymargleymirgleymtgleymumk
2s gleymargleymirgleymtgleymask
3s gleymargleymirgleymtgleymask
1p gleymumgleymirgleymumgleymumk
2p gleymiðgleymiðgleymuðgleymask
3p gleymiðgleymiðgleymuðgleymask

The verb gleym takes a dative instead of an accusative.

Example

  1. Ek gleymr opt lykillinum

    ekgleym-roptlykill-inum
    1s.NOMforget-1s.PRESoftenkey-pl.DAT.DEF.

    I often forget the keys

  2. Hann haft gleymt at far til borgin

    hannhaftgleymtatfartilborg-in
    3s.m.NOMhave.3s.PSTforget.3s.PSTto.DATgo.INFtocity-sg.DAT.DEF

    He forgot to go to the city.

goð

sn.n. /joð/, from ON goð

  1. monotheistic God, mainly Christian, but also Jewish and Muslim
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.goðgoðitgoðgoðitr
Acc.goðgoðitgoðgoðit
Dat.goðgoðitgoðumgoðitum
Gen.goðsgoðitsgoðsgoðit

góð

adj. /jɔ̀ð/, from ON góðr

  1. good
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.góðrgóðt
Acc.góðgóðt
Dat.góðumgóðum
Gen.góðsgóðs
Pl.Nom.góðargóð
Acc.góðgóð
Dat.góðumgóðum
Gen.góðargóðr

grað(a)

wn.n. /ɡrɑð/, from Latin gradus

  1. degree (general)
  2. degree (scholar)
  3. degree (geometry)
  4. degree (temperature)
  5. grade (scholar)
  6. military rank
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.graðgraðatgraðrgraðatr
Acc.graðgraðatgraðgraðat
Dat.graðgraðatgraðumgraðatum
Gen.graðsgraðatsgraðsgraðat

grann(i)

wn.m. /ɡrɑnː/, from ON granni

  1. neighbour, someone who lives nearby

See also bú

grá

adj. /ɡrɛ̀/, from ON grár

  1. grey, silver (colour)
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.grárgrát
Acc.grágrát
Dat.grámumgrámum
Gen.grásgrás
Pl.Nom.grárargrá
Acc.grágrá
Dat.grámumgrámum
Gen.grárargrár

gríp(a)

sv. /ɡrèp/, from grípa

  1. to ɡrip, to ɡrab, to seize; to take hold of something firmly

    Example

    Ek grípt þat sterklig.

    I gripped it stronlgy.

  2. to grasp; to comprehend something mentally

    Example

    Ek grípt eig hvat sagja hann.

    I did not grasp what he said.

Declensions:

  • infinitive: gríp
  • imperative: gríp
  • imperative passive voice: grípask
  • present participle: grípand
  • past participle: grípit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s grípargrípirgríptgrípumk
2s grípargrípirgríptgrípask
3s grípargrípirgríptgrípask
1p grípumgrípimgrípumgrípumk
2p grípiðgrípiðgrípuðgrípask
3p grípiðgrípiðgrípuðgrípask

grœn

adj. /ɡrœ̀n/, from ON grǿnn

  1. green
  2. fresh
  3. hopeful, good, happy
  4. sn.m. Greenlander (derogatory)
Table 4: groen-adj-declension
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.grœnngrœnt
Acc.grœngrœnt
Dat.grœnumgrœnum
Gen.grœnsgrœns
Pl.Nom.grœnargrœn
Acc.grœngrœn
Dat.grœnumgrœnum
Gen.grœnargrœnn
Table 5: groen-noun-declension
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.grœnngrœninngrœnngrœninn
Acc.grœngrœningrœngrœnin
Dat.grœngrœningrœnumgrœninum
Gen.grœnargrœninsgrœnargrœnin

gul

/jul/, from ON gull

  1. sn.n. gold (uncountable, singular only)
  2. sn.n. jewelry (countable)
  3. adj. golden, yellow
Table 6: gul-adjective-declension
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.gullgult
Acc.gulgult
Dat.gulumgulum
Gen.gulsguls
Pl.Nom.gulargul
Acc.gulgul
Dat.gulumgulum
Gen.gulargull
Table 7: gul-noun-declension
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.gulgulitgulgulitr
Acc.gulgulitgulgulit
Dat.gulgulitgulumgulitum
Gen.gulsgulitsgulsgulit

H

haf

sn.m. /hɑf/, from ON hafr

  1. he-goat
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hafrhafinnhafrhafinn
Acc.hafhafinhafhafin
Dat.hafhafinhafumhafinum
Gen.hafarhafinshafarhafin

See also geit

hals

sn.m. /hɑls/, from ON hals

  1. neck
  2. throat
  3. narrow passage or strait; a narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.halshalsinnhalshalsinn
Acc.halshalsinhalshalsin
Dat.halshalsinhalsumhalsinum
Gen.halsarhalsinshalsarhalsin

han

wn.m. /hɑn/, from ON hani

  1. a rooster, a cock (animal only)
  2. someone who is excessively proud, boastful, or self-important; a person who likes to show off or brag
  3. a representation of vigilance, alertness, or watchfulness; a symbol of being on guard or assertive
  4. (slightly dated) a representation of masculinity, virility, or male strength; a symbol of male dominance or prowess; used negatively by most native speakers that are not elderly
  5. (dated) someone who is a leader or a dominant figure in a group; a person who likes being in charge of and guiding others
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hanhanithanrhanitr
Acc.hanhanithanhanit
Dat.hanhanithanumhanitum
Gen.hanshanitshanshanit

haust

sn.n. /hɔʃt/, from ON haust

  1. automn, fall, the season of the year following summer and preceding winter, typically occurring from September to November in Eittland
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hausthaustithausthaustitr
Acc.hausthaustithausthaustit
Dat.hausthaustithaustumhaustitum
Gen.haustshaustitshaustshaustit

hav(a)

iv. /haβ/, from ON hafa

  1. to have; in some dialects, see also há
  2. stative auxilliary

Declensions:

  • infinitive: hav
  • imperative: hav (except 2p haft)
  • imperative passive voice: hafsk (except 1p havumsk)
  • present participle: havand
  • past participle: hafr
 Indicative PresentSubjunctive PresentIndicative PastSubjunctive Past
1shavhavhafthaft
2shavirhavirhaftirhaftir
3shavirhavhafthaft
1phavumhavimhafthaft
2phafthafthaftuðhaftið
3phavhavhafthaft

Note that there is no difference between singular and plural when using hav(a) in the passive voice.

 Indicative PresentSubjunctive PresentIndicative PastSubjunctive Past
1havumkhavumkhavumkheðumk
2hafskhaviskhaviskheðisk
3hafskhaviskhaviskheðisk

há

iv. /hɛ̀/, from OE hav(a)

  1. to add, to put together, joining something to something else
  2. to include, to incorporate, to make something part of a whole
  3. (colloquial or dialects) to have, to possess, to be in ownership or control of something; see also hav(a)

Declensions:

  • infinitive: há
  • imperative: há
  • imperative passive voice: hásk
  • present participle: hánd
  • past participle: háit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s hárháirháthávumk
2s hárháirháthásk
3s hárháirhátháisk
1p hávumháimhávumhávumk
2p háiðháiðhávuðháisk
3p háiðháiðhávuðháisk

hánd

sn.f. /hɛ̀nd/, from EON hánd

  1. hand
  2. side,direction; a particular direction or orientation, often indicated by the left or right hand
  3. agency, involvment; the role or part played by someone in a particular situation
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hándrhándinnhándrhándinn
Acc.hándhándinhándhándin
Dat.hándhándinhándumhándinum
Gen.hándarhándinshándarhándin

hár

/hɛ̀r/, from ON hár

  1. (sn.f.) excellence, distinction; the quality of being outstanding or extremely good

    Example

    Han havir hár í sér verkum

  2. (sn.f.) majesty; the quality or dignity of being majestic

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hárrhárinnhárrhárinn
Acc.hárhárinhárhárin
Dat.hárhárinhárumhárinum
Gen.hárarhárinshárarhárin

hás

adj. /hɛ̀s/, from EON háss

  1. white (hair colour)
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.hásshást
Acc.háshást
Dat.hásumhásum
Gen.hássháss
Pl.Nom.hásarhás
Acc.háshás
Dat.hásumhásum
Gen.hásarháss

háv

adj. /hɛ̀β/

  1. tall, high
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.hárhávt
Acc.hávhávt
Dat.hávumhávum
Gen.hávshávs
Pl.Nom.hávarháv
Acc.hávháv
Dat.hávumhávum
Gen.hávarhávr

hávn

sn.f. /hɛ̀vn̩/

  1. haven, port, harbour
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hávnnhávninnhávnnhávninn
Acc.hávnhávninhávnhávnin
Dat.hávnhávninhávnumhávninum
Gen.hávnarhávninshávnarhávnin

hávuð

in.n. /hɛ̀βoð/, from ON hǫfuð

  1. head (body)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hávuðhávuðithávuðhávuðitr
Acc.hávuðhávuðithávuðhávuðit
Dat.háðháðithávumhávitum
Gen.háðsháðitsháðsháðit

háðsdýn

wn.f. /ˈhɛ̀ðzˌdø̀n/, from hávuð and dýn(a)

  1. pillow, litt. “head-mattress”

See dýn(a) for declensions.

hef(ja)

sv. /hef/, from ON hefja

  1. to heave, lift, raise, move something upward
  2. to begin, to start, to initiate an action or event, often with a sense of formality or significance
  3. to elevate or raise the status or importance of something
  4. to remove or alleviate a burden or difficultyu
  5. to enhance or improve something

Declensions:

  • infinitive: hef
  • imperative: hef
  • imperative passive voice: hefjask
  • present participle: hefjand
  • past participle: hefit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s hefjarhefirhefthefjumk
2s hefjarhefirheftheftisk
3s hefjarhefirheftheftisk
1p hefjumhefimhefjumhefjumk
2p hefiðhefiðhefjuðheftisk
3p hefiðhefiðhefjuðheftisk

heim

/hɑɪm/

  1. sn.m. home
  2. adv. (at) home
Table 8: heim-noun-declension
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.heimrheiminnheimrheiminn
Acc.heimheiminheimheimin
Dat.heimheiminheimumheiminum
Gen.heimarheiminsheimarheimin

heils(a)

wn.f. /hɑ:ɪls/, from ON heilsa

  1. health
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.heilsheilsatheilsrheilsatr
Acc.heilsheilsatheilsheilsat
Dat.heilsheilsatheilsumheilsatum
Gen.heilsasheilsatsheilsasheilsat

her

wn.m. /her/, from Danish herr.

  1. lord
  2. Sir, title
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.herheritherrheritr
Acc.herheritherherit
Dat.herheritherumheritum
Gen.hersheritshersherit

hest

sn.m. /heʃt/, from ON hestr

  1. horse (generic term)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hestrhestinnhestrhestinn
Acc.hesthestinhesthestin
Dat.hesthestinhestumhestinum
Gen.hestarhestinshestarhestin

See also hros

himin

sn.m. /him.in/, from ON himinn

  1. sky (generic term)
  2. Christian heaven
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.himinnhimininnhiminnhimininn
Acc.himinhimininhiminhiminin
Dat.himinhimininhiminumhimininum
Gen.himinarhimininshiminarhiminin

historja

wn.f. /heʃtˈorjə/, from Latin historia

  1. history (school subject)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.historjahistorjathistorjarhistorjatr
Acc.historjahistorjathistorjahistorjat
Dat.historjahistorjathistorjumhistorjatum
Gen.historjashistorjatshistorjashistorjat

hjá

adj. /çɛ̀/, from ON hjá

  1. near, next to, by (physically and metaphorically)
  2. soon
  3. by (a book by this author)
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.hjárhját
Acc.hjáhját
Dat.hjámumhjámum
Gen.hjáshjás
Pl.Nom.hjárarhjá
Acc.hjáhjá
Dat.hjámumhjámum
Gen.hjárarhjár

hjól

sn.n. /çɔ̀l/, from ON hjól

  1. wheel
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hjólhjólithjólhjólitr
Acc.hjólhjólithjólhjólit
Dat.hjólhjólithjólumhjólitum
Gen.hjólshjólitshjólshjólit

hlaup(a)

sv. /ɬɔp/, from ON hlaupa

  1. to run
  2. to rush (figuratively), to hurry

Declensions:

  • infinitive: hlaup
  • imperative: hlaup
  • imperative passive voice: hlaupask
  • present participle: hlaupand
  • past participle: hlaupit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s hlauparhlaupirhlaupthlaupumk
2s hlauparhlaupirhlaupthlaupask
3s hlauparhlaupirhlaupthlaupask
1p hlaupumhlaupimhlaupumhlaupumk
2p hlaupiðhlaupiðhlaupuðhlaupask
3p hlaupiðhlaupiðhlaupuðhlaupask

hler(a)

sv. /ɬer/, from ON hlera

  1. to hear
  2. to eaves-drop (accidentaly)

Declensions:

  • infinitive: hler
  • imperative: hler
  • imperative passive voice: hlerask (except 1p hlerumk)
  • present participle: hlerand
  • past participle: hlerit
person Indicative PresentSubjunctive PresentPastPassive
1s hlerarhlerirhlerthlerumk
2s hlerarhlerirhlerthlerask
3s hlerarhlerirhlerthlerask
1p hlerumhlerimhlerumhlerumk
2p hleriðhleriðhleruðhlerask
3p hleriðhleriðhleruðhlerask

Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following tíl if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See hlust(a).

hleð

sn.n. /ɬeð/, from EON hleða, see ON hljóð

  1. sound, noise, thing heard
  2. unintelligible speech or conversation
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hleðhleðithleðhleðitr
Acc.hleðhleðithleðhleðit
Dat.hleðhleðithleðumhleðitum
Gen.hleðshleðitshleðshleðit

hleð(a)

sv. /ɬeð/, from hleð

  1. to make a noise
  2. (colloquial) to speak in a manner inconvinencing other people around the speaker (e.g. loudly in a bus or on the train)

Declensions:

  • infinitive: hleð
  • imperative: hleð
  • imperative passive voice: hleðsk
  • present participle: hleðand
  • past participle: hleðat
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s hleðarhleðirhleðthleðumk
2s hleðarhleðirhleðthleðask
3s hleðarhleðirhleðthleðask
1p hleðumhleðimhleðumhleðumk
2p hleðiðhleðiðhleðuðhleðask
3p hleðiðhleðiðhleðuðhleðask

hlóð

wn.n. /l̥ɔð/, from ON hlóð

  1. hearth
  2. living room
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hlóðhlóðithlóðrhlóðitr
Acc.hlóðhlóðithlóðhlóðit
Dat.hlóðhlóðithlóðumhlóðitum
Gen.hlóðshlóðitshlóðshlóðit

hlust(a)

wv. /ɬuʃt/, from ON hlusta

  1. to listen to

Declensions:

  • infinitive: hlust
  • imperative: hlust
  • imperative passive voice: hlustask (except 1p hlustumk)
  • present participle: hlustand
  • past participle: hlustit
person Indicative PresentSubjunctive PresentPastPassive
1s hlustarhlustirhlustathlustumk
2s hlustarhlustirhlustathlusttask
3s hlustarhlustirhlustathlusttask
1p hlustumhlustimhlustumhlustumk
2p hlustiðhlustiðhlustuðhlusttask
3p hlustiðhlustiðhlustuðhlusttask

Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following tíl if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See

Example

  1. Han hlustr henn

    He’s listening to her

  2. Hlustr þú til hvat sagjar ek?

    Are you listening to what I am saying?

  3. Vér hlustum eigi

    We did not listen

hneis(a)

wn.f. /n̥ɑ:ɪs/, from ON hneisa

  1. shame, disgrace, fear
  2. reclusion (out of shame or out of fear)
  3. social isolation
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hneishneisathneisrhneisatr
Acc.hneishneisathneishneisat
Dat.hneishneisathneisumhneisatum
Gen.hneisashneisatshneisashneisat

hneising

wn.n. /n̥ɑɪsinɡ/

  1. hermit
  2. (modern) shut-in, hikikomori
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hneisinghneisingithneisingrhneisingitr
Acc.hneisinghneisingithneisinghneisingit
Dat.hneisinghneisingithneisingumhneisingitum
Gen.hneisingshneisingitshneisingshneisingit

hnjós(a)

sv. /ɲ̥ɔ̀ːs/, from ON hnjósa

  1. to sneeze

Declensions:

  • infinitive: hnjós
  • imperative: hnjós
  • imperative passive voice: hnjósask
  • present participle: hnjósand
  • past participle: hnjósit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s hnjósarhnjósirhnjósthnjósumk
2s hnjósarhnjósirhnjósthnjósask
3s hnjósarhnjósirhnjósthnjósask
1p hnjósumhnjósimhnjósumhnjósumk
2p hnjósiðhnjósiðhnjósuðhnjósask
3p hnjósiðhnjósiðhnjósuðhnjósask

hóst

sn.m. /hɔ̀ʃt/, from ON hóstr

  1. lower part of the throat
  2. chest
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hóstrhóstinnhóstrhóstinn
Acc.hósthóstinhósthóstin
Dat.hósthóstinhóstumhóstinum
Gen.hóstarhóstinshóstarhóstin

hrifs

wn.n. /r̥ifs/, from ON hrifs

  1. assault, mugging

Alternative form: hrivs

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hrifshrifsithrifsrhrifsitr
Acc.hrifshrifsithrifshrifsit
Dat.hrifshrifsithrifsumhrifsitum
Gen.hrifshrifsitshrifshrifsit

hring

sn.m. /r̥iŋ/, from ON hringr

  1. ring
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hringrhringinnhringrhringinn
Acc.hringhringinhringhringin
Dat.hringhringinhringumhringinum
Gen.hringarhringinshringarhringin

Hringarherinssagat

pn. /ˈr̥iŋ.ɑr.ˌher.ens.ˌsɑj.ɑt/

  1. The Lord of the Rings, litt. The Story of the Lord of the Ring

hros

sn.n. /r̩os/, from ON hross

  1. horse; archaic, poetic word with a connotation of nobility, strength, or wilderness
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hroshrosithroshrositr
Acc.hroshrosithroshrosit
Dat.hroshrosithrosumhrositum
Gen.hrosshrositshrosshrosit

See also hest

hug(a)

sv. /huɣ/

  1. to mind, to think
  2. to dwell on
  3. to meditate

Declensions:

  • infinitive: hug
  • imperative: hug
  • imperative passive voice: hugask
  • present participle: hugand
  • past participle: hugit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s hugarhugirhugathugumk
2s hugarhugirhugathugask
3s hugarhugirhugathugask
1p hugumhugimhugumhugumk
2p hugiðhugiðhuguðhugask
3p hugiðhugiðhuguðhugask

hugaleið(a)

wv. /ˌhujœˈlɑːɪð/, from hug(a) and leið(a)

  1. lead, guide spiritually or philosophically
  2. officiate a religious event

Declensions:

  • infinitive: hugaleið
  • imperative: hugaleið
  • imperative passive voice: hugaleiðask
  • present participhugale: hugaleiðand
  • past participhugale: hugaleiðit
person Ind PresSubj. Pres.PastPass.
1s hugaleiðarhugaleiðirhugaleiðthugaleiðumk
2s hugaleiðarhugaleiðirhugaleiðthugaleiððisk
3s hugaleiðarhugaleiðirhugaleiðthugaleiððisk
1p hugaleiðumhugaleiðimhugaleiðumhugaleiðumk
2p hugaleiðiðhugaleiðiðhugaleiðuðhugaleiððisk
3p hugaleiðiðhugaleiðiðhugaleiðuðhugaleiððisk

hund

sn.m. /hund/, from ON hundr

  1. dog
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hundrhundinnhundrhundinn
Acc.hundhundinhundhundin
Dat.hundhundinhundumhundinum
Gen.hundarhundinshundarhundin

hús

sn.n. /hòs/, from ON hús

  1. house
  2. family
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.húshúsithúshúsitr
Acc.húshúsithúshúsit
Dat.húshúsithúsumhúsitum
Gen.húshúsitshúshúsit

hval

sn.m. /ʍɑl/, from ON hvalr

  1. whale
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hvallhvalinnhvallhvalinn
Acc.hvalhvalinhvalhvalin
Dat.hvalhvalinhvalumhvalinum
Gen.hvalarhvalinshvalarhvalin

hvar

pron. /ʍɑr/, from ON hvar

  1. where

Always in the dative case.

hvat

interr. /ʍɑt/, from ON hvat

  1. what
 Sg.
Nom.hvat
Acc.hvat
Dat.hvat
Gen.hves

hvenár

interr. /ʍen.ˈɛ̀r/, from ON hvenær

  1. when

hver

interr. and pron. /ʍer/, from ON hverr

  1. which, who
  2. every, every one, each
 Sg.
Nom.hver
Acc.hven
Dat.hvem
Gen.hves

When used in its every meaning, the following noun or noun phrase can be singular only. If the dialect still uses declensions, the noun will bear the genitive case while hver bears the original case. Can only be used with countable nouns.

Example

  • Ér hlustið til hver sagjar han

    You’re listening to everything he/she says

  • Hver át epil mín?

    Who / which one of you ate my apple?

hvernig

interr. /ˈʍern.eɣ/, from ON hvernig

  1. how, in what way

hversdag

/hvers.daɣ/, from hver and dag

  1. adj. daily, everyday
  2. adv. daily, everyday
Table 9: hversdag-adjective-declension
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.hversdagrhversdagt
Acc.hversdaghversdagt
Dat.hversdagumhversdagum
Gen.hversdagshversdags
Pl.Nom.hversdagarhversdag
Acc.hversdaghversdag
Dat.hversdagumhversdagum
Gen.hversdagarhversdagr

hví

adv. /ʍè/, from ON hví

  1. why

Alternative form: hve

hvíl(a)

wn.f. /ʍɛ̀l/, from ON hvíla

  1. bedroom
  2. family bed (dated)

Alternative form: hvel(a)

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.hvílhvílathvíllhvílatr
Acc.hvílhvílathvílhvílat
Dat.hvílhvílathvílumhvílatum
Gen.hvílshvílatshvílshvílat

hvílskláð(i)

wn.n. /ˈʍèlʃ.kˌlɛ̀ð/, from hvíl and kláð

  1. bedroom clothes, evening clothes

Alternative form: hvelskléð(i)

See kláð(i) for declensions.

hvít

adj. /ʍɛ̀t/, from ON hvítr

  1. white
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.hvítrhvítt
Acc.hvíthvítt
Dat.hvítumhvítum
Gen.hvítshvíts
Pl.Nom.hvítarhvít
Acc.hvíthvít
Dat.hvítumhvítum
Gen.hvítarhvítr

I

-ig(i)

suffix /iɣ/, from ON -gi

  1. negative, no, not

-ing

suffix /iŋ/, from ON -ing

  1. forms nouns denoting actions, results, or products of the verb to which it is attached

    Example

    • veit → veiting (provision, serving)
    • syng → synging (singing, song)
    • les → lesing (reading, recitation)
  2. forms nouns denoting a state or condition related to the verb

    Example

    • hav → having (possession, holding)

ikkí

interj. /ixːə/, probably a Tunrit borrowing

  1. How cold! Brr!

ilag(a)

wn.n. /ilɑj/, from Tunrit

  1. a close, non-familial friend, a trusted companion
  2. a member of one’s chosen family

This term emphasizes an emotional bond, whereas vin is the general term for friends or associates.

See also vin.

ilagaskap

sn.m. /ˈil.ɑj.ɑ.ˌʃkɑp/, from ilag(a) and skap

  1. close friendship, camaradery; a deep, affectionate bond between friends

For declensions, see skap.

ilaglig

adj. and adv. /il.ɑɡ.liɣ/, from ilag(a)

  1. friendly, affectionate, amicable
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.ilagligrilagligt
Acc.ilagligilagligt
Dat.ilagligumilagligum
Gen.ilagligsilagligs
Pl.Nom.ilagligarilaglig
Acc.ilagligilaglig
Dat.ilagligumilagligum
Gen.ilagligarilagligr

ill(u)

sn.m. /ilː/, inherited for Tunrit

  1. cousin; the child of one’s parent’s sibling (male or female), with the connotation of being a close friend or companion
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.illillutillillutr
Acc.illillutillillut
Dat.illillutillumillutum
Gen.illsillutsillsillut

See also frjándkon (female cousin) and frjándman (male cousin).

inhald

wn.n. /ˈinhald/, from ON innihald

  1. written content
  2. web page content
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.inhaldinhalditinhaldrinhalditr
Acc.inhaldinhalditinhaldinhaldit
Dat.inhaldinhalditinhalduminhalditum
Gen.inhaldsinhalditsinhaldsinhaldit

iþat

adv. /iθat/, from OE eptir þat.

  1. nevertheless, nonetheless

    Introduces an unexpected continuation or a contrast

Internet

sn.f. /ent.ern.ˈet/, from English Internet

  1. Internet
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.InternetrInternetinnInternetrInternetinn
Acc.InternetInternetinInternetInternetin
Dat.InternetInternetinInternetumInternetinum
Gen.InternetarInternetinsInternetarInternetin

Í

í

prep. /è/, from ON í

Í indicates location or position inside something. When indicating a motion, the accusative is triggered, while the accusative is used when it indicates a location.

  1. in, within, used to indicate location or position inside something

    Example

    • Ek býr í þett húsit

      I live in this house

    • Bókin er í skápin

      The book is in the cabinet

  2. into, used to indicate movement or direction into something

    Example

    • Han gekk í húsit

      She went to the house

    • Hann lítt í bilitum

      He looked inside the cars

  3. in, during, used to indicate a period of time

    Example

    Vár farum í sumarit

    We traveled in the summR

ís

sn.m. /ès/, from ON íss

  1. ice
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.íssísinníssísinn
Acc.ísísinísísin
Dat.ísísinísumísinum
Gen.ísarísinsísarísin

J

jak

wn.n. /jak/, from Tibetan yak (གཡག).

  1. yak
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.yakyakityakryakitr
Acc.yakyakityakyakit
Dat.yakyakityakumyakitum
Gen.yaksyakitsyaksyakit

já

/jɛ̀/, from ON já

  1. adv. yes
  2. interj. yes (as an exclamation of joy)

K

kanik

sn.n. /kan.ek/, probably a Tunrit word

  1. cold, snowy rain; precipitation that falls as snow or a mix of rain and snow, typically in colder temperatures
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.kanikkanikitkanikkanikitr
Acc.kanikkanikitkanikkanikit
Dat.kanikkanikitkanikumkanikitum
Gen.kanikskanikitskanikskanikit

See also regn

kanik(a)

wv. /kan.ek/, probably a Tunrit word

  1. to snow rain; for precipitation to fall as a mix of rain and snow; see kanik

Declensions:

  • infinitive: kanik
  • imperative: kanik
  • imperative passive voice: kanikask
  • present participle: kanikand
  • past participle: kanikit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s kanikarkanikirkaniktkanikumk
2s kanikarkanikirkaniktkanikaðisk
3s kanikarkanikirkaniktkanikaðisk
1p kanikumkanikimkanikumkanikumk
2p kanikiðkanikiðkanikuðkanikaðisk
3p kanikiðkanikiðkanikuðkanikaðisk

kann

iv.mod. /kanː/, from ON kunna

  1. can
  2. to be able to

Note that, as a modal verb, kann is onli conjugated in a handful of tenses and moods

Declensions:

  • infinitive: kann
person Ind. Pres.Past and Subj. Pres.
1s kannkunn
2s kanntkunn
3s kannkunn
1p kannumkunnim
2p kannuðkunnið
3p kannkunn

kaup

wn.n. /kɔp/, from ON kaup

  1. commerce
  2. bargain, barter

Alternative form: kóp

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.kaupkaupitkauprkaupitr
Acc.kaupkaupitkaupkaupit
Dat.kaupkaupitkaupumkaupitum
Gen.kaupskaupitskaupskaupit

kaup(a)

wv. /kɔp/, from ON kaupa

  1. to make business by selling goods, to do commerce
  2. to bargain, to barter
  3. to exchange

Declensions:

  • infinitive: kaup
  • imperative: kaup
  • imperative passive voice: kaupask
  • present participle: kaupand
  • past participle: kaupit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s kauparkauparkauparkaupum
2s kaupiðkaupiðkaupirkaupir
3s kaupirkaupimkaupiðkaupið
1p kauptkauptkauptkaupum
2p kaupuðkaupuðkaupumkkaupisk
3p kaupðiskkaupumkkaupðiskkaupisk

kájak

sn.m. /kɛ̀jɑk/, from Tunrit

  1. kayak; small boat, barque, genrally for one person
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.kajakrkajakinnkajakrkajakinn
Acc.kajakkajakinkajakkajakin
Dat.kajakkajakinkajakumkajakinum
Gen.kajakarkajakinskajakarkajakin

káppok

adj. /kɛ̀ɸːok/, Tunrit borrowing

  1. peckish, a little hungry

Alternative form: kéffok

 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.káppokrkáppokt
Acc.káppokkáppokt
Dat.káppokumkáppokum
Gen.káppokskáppoks
Pl.Nom.káppokarkáppok
Acc.káppokkáppok
Dat.káppokumkáppokum
Gen.káppokarkáppokr

kátt

sn.m. /kɛ̀t/, from ON kǫttr

  1. cat
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.káttrkáttinnkáttrkáttinn
Acc.káttkáttinkáttkáttin
Dat.káttkáttinkáttumkáttinum
Gen.káttarkáttinskáttarkáttin

kenn(a)

wv. /kenː/, from ON kenna

  1. to know, to recognize
  2. to teach, when the patient is a dative element
  3. to perceive, to sense
  4. to admit, to acknowledge when followed by an infinitive subordinate sentence

Declensions:

  • infinitive: kenn
  • imperative: kenn
  • imperative passive voice: kennask
  • present participle: kennand
  • past participle: kennit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s kennarkennirkentkennumk
2s kennarkennirkentkendisk
3s kennarkennirkentkendisk
1p kennumkennimkennumkennumk
2p kenniðkenniðkennuðkendisk
3p kenniðkenniðkennuðkendisk

ker

wn.n. /ker/, from ON ker

  1. recipient, bassin
  2. vessel
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.kerkeritkerrkeritr
Acc.kerkeritkerkerit
Dat.kerkeritkerumkeritum
Gen.kerskeritskerskerit

kék

adj. /kɛ̀k/, Tunrit borrowing

  1. gray (hair colour)
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.kékrkékt
Acc.kékkékt
Dat.kékumkékum
Gen.kékskéks
Pl.Nom.kékarkék
Acc.kékkék
Dat.kékumkékum
Gen.kékarkékr

kept

sn.m. /keɸt/, from EON keptr

  1. jaw
  2. grip, hold; the act of grasping or seizing something with the jaws or mouth
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.keptrkeptinnkeptrkeptinn
Acc.keptkeptinkeptkeptin
Dat.keptkeptinkeptumkeptinum
Gen.keptarkeptinskeptarkeptin

kláð(a)

sv. /klɛ̀ð/, from ON kláða

  1. to clothe
  2. to drape something
  3. to put cloth or clothes over something

Declensions:

  • infinitive: kláð
  • imperative: kláð
  • imperative passive voice: kláðask
  • present participle: kláðand
  • past participle: klánit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s kláðarkláðirkláðtkláðumk
2s kláðarkláðirkláðtkláðask
3s kláðarkláðirkláðtkláðask
1p kláðumkláðimkláðumkláðumk
2p kláðiðkláðiðkláðuðkláðask
3p kláðiðkláðiðkláðuðkláðask

Example

  • Ek kláðr ná mik

    I’m dressing up

  • Þú kláðt sáingin

    You made the bed / you put the sheets on the bed

kláð(i)

wn.n. /ˈklɛ̀ð/, from ON klæði

  1. cloth
  2. thing that covers
  3. (pl) clothes
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.kláðkláðitkláðrkláðitr
Acc.kláðkláðitkláðkláðit
Dat.kláðkláðitkláðumkláðitum
Gen.kláðskláðitskláðskláðit

kné

sn.n. /knɛ̀/, from ON kné

  1. knee (anatomy)
  2. bend, curve; a part where something is bent or curved
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.knéknétknéknétr
Acc.knéknétknéknét
Dat.knéknétknémknétum
Gen.knésknétsknésknét

kom(a)

iv. /kom/, from ON koma

  1. to come

Declensions:

  • infinitive: kom
  • imperative: kom
  • imperative passive voice: komask
  • present participle: komand
  • past participle: kominn
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s kømarkomkœmtkømumk
2s kømarkomkœmtkømsk
3s kømarkomkœmtkømsk
1p komumkomimkómumkómumk
2p komiðkomiðkómuðkómsk
3p komiðkomiðkómuðkómsk

kon(a)

sn.f. /kon/, from ON kona

  1. woman
  2. wife (colloquial)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.konrkonannkonrkonann
Acc.konkonankonkonan
Dat.konkonankonumkonanum
Gen.konarkonanskonarkonan

Konung

sn.m. /ˈkon.oŋ/, from ON konungr

  1. king

Alternative form: Konong

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.KonungrKonunginnKonungrKonunginn
Acc.KonungKonunginKonungKonungin
Dat.KonungKonunginKonungumKonunginum
Gen.KonungarKonunginsKonungarKonungin

konunɡliɡ

/kon.oŋ.leɣ/, from konung and suffix -lig.

  1. adv. royaly
  2. adj. royal

Alternative form: kononglej

Table 10: konunglig-adjective-declension
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.konungligrkonungligt
Acc.konungligkonungligt
Dat.konungligumkonungligum
Gen.konungligskonungligs
Pl.Nom.konungligarkonunglig
Acc.konungligkonunglig
Dat.konungligumkonungligum
Gen.konungligarkonungligr

krydd

sn.n. /kryd/, from ON krydd

  1. spice, a substance used to flavour or season food
  2. seasoning, the process of adding spices to food to enhance its flavour
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.kryddkrydditkryddkrydditr
Acc.kryddkrydditkryddkryddit
Dat.kryddkrydditkryddumkrydditum
Gen.kryddskrydditskryddskryddit

kú

sn.f. /kò/, from ON kýr

  1. cow
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.kúrkúnnkúrkúnn
Acc.kúkúnkúkún
Dat.kúkúnkúmkúnum
Gen.kúrkúnskúrkún

kúr(a)

sv. /kòr/, from ON kúra

  1. to nap (not in a bed or a rekkja)

Alternative form: kor(a)

Declensions:

  • infinitive: kúr
  • imperative: kúr
  • imperative passive voice: kúrask
  • present participle: kúrand
  • past participle: kúrit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s kúrarkúrirkúrtkúrumk
2s kúrarkúrirkúrtkúrðask
3s kúrarkúrirkúrtkúrðask
1p kúrumkúrimkúrumkúrumk
2p kúriðkúriðkúruðkúrðask
3p kúriðkúriðkúruðkúrðask

L

land

sn.n. /lɑnd/, from ON land

  1. land
  2. country
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.landlanditlandlanditr
Acc.landlanditlandlandit
Dat.landlanditlandumlanditum
Gen.landslanditslandslandit

lat

adj. /lɑt/, from ON https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#latr

  1. lazy
  2. with slow reaction time
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.latrlatt
Acc.latlatt
Dat.latumlatum
Gen.latslats
Pl.Nom.latarlat
Acc.latlat
Dat.latumlatum
Gen.latarlatr

Laurdag

sn.m. /ˈlɔr.ˌdɑɣ/, from ON laugardagr

  1. Saturday, seventh day of the week

For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.

lág

sn.n. /lɛ̀ɣ/

  1. law, plural only
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.láglágitláglágitr
Acc.láglágitláglágit
Dat.láglágitlágumlágitum
Gen.lágslágitslágslágit

lágsman

sn.m. /ˈlɛ̀ɡsˌman/

  1. lawyer, attorney

For declensions, see man.

lás(a)

wv. /lɛ̀s/, from ON læsa

  1. to lock
  2. to shut (somewhat securely)

Declensions:

  • infinitive: lás
  • imperative: lás
  • imperative passive voice: lásask
  • present participle: lásand
  • past participle: lásin
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s lásarlásirlástlásumk
2s lásarlásirlástlástisk
3s lásarlásirlástlástisk
1p lásumlásimlásumlásumk
2p lásiðlásiðlásuðlástisk
3p lásiðlásiðlásuðlástisk

leik

/lɑɪk/

  1. sn.f. plaything
  2. sn.m. game
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.leikrleikinnleikrleikinn
Acc.leikleikinleikleikin
Dat.leikleikinleikumleikinum
Gen.leikarleikinsleikarleikin

leik(a)

sv. /lɑɪk/

  1. to play

Declensions:

  • infinitive: leik
  • imperative: leik
  • imperative passive voice: leikask
  • present participle: leikand
  • past participle: leikit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s leikarleikirleiktleikumk
2s leikarleikirleiktleikask
3s leikarleikirleiktleikask
1p leikumleikimleikumleikumk
2p leikiðleikiðleikuðleikask
3p leikiðleikiðleikuðleikask

leið(a)

wv. /lɑːɪð/, from ON leiða

  1. to lead, to show the way
  2. to drive (large transportation vehicles)

Declensions:

  • infinitive: leið
  • imperative: leið
  • imperative passive voice: leiðask
  • present participle: leiðand
  • past participle: leiðit
person Ind PresSubj. Pres.PastPass.
1s leiðarleiðirleiðtleiðumk
2s leiðarleiðirleiðtleiððisk
3s leiðarleiðirleiðtleiððisk
1p leiðumleiðimleiðumleiðumk
2p leiðiðleiðiðleiðuðleiððisk
3p leiðiðleiðiðleiðuðleiððisk

legg

sn.m. /leɡ/, from ON leggr

  1. leg (anatomy)
  2. limb
  3. part of a journey or race; a stage or section of a trip
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.leggrlegginnleggrlegginn
Acc.legglegginleggleggin
Dat.legglegginleggumlegginum
Gen.leggarlegginsleggarleggin

lent(e)

sn.f. /lent/, probable Tunrit borrowing

  1. spring, the season of the year following winter and preceding summer, typically occurring in Eittland from March to June
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.lentrlentennlentrlentenn
Acc.lentlentenlentlenten
Dat.lentlentenlentumlentenum
Gen.lenterlentenslenterlenten

les(a)

sv. /les/, from ON lesa

  1. to read

Declensions:

  • infinitive: les
  • imperative: les
  • imperative passive voice: lesask
  • present participle: lesand
  • past participle: lesit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s lesarlesirlestlesumk
2s lesarlesirlestlesask
3s lesarlesirlestlesask
1p lesumlesimlesumlesumk
2p lesiðlesiðlesuðlesask
3p lesiðlesiðlesuðlesask

ligg(ja)

wv. /liɡ/, from ON liggja

  1. to lie, to be in a horizontal position, to rest or recline, especially on a surface
  2. to be situated, to be located, to occupy a particular place or position

Declensions:

  • infinitive: ligg
  • imperative: ligg
  • imperative passive voice: liggask
  • present participle: liggand
  • past participle: liggit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s liggjarliggirláliggumk
2s liggjarliggirláligdisk
3s liggjarliggirláligdisk
1p liggumliggimlággumliggumk
2p liggiðliggiðlágguðligdisk
3p liggiðliggiðlágguðligdisk

list

wn.f. /liʃt/, from ON list

  1. art, craft
  2. skill
 Sg.Pl.
Nom.listlistr
Acc.listlist
Dat.listlistum
Gen.listslists

list(i)

sn.f. /liʃt/, from ON listi

  1. list
  2. catalogue
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.listrlistinnlistrlistinn
Acc.listlistinlistlistin
Dat.listlistinlistumlistinum
Gen.listirlistinslistirlistin

listsmið

sn.m. /liʃtsmið/, from list and -smið

  1. craftsman, artist

For declensions, see -smið.

lit

sn.m. /lit/, from ON litr

  1. colour, hue
  2. shade, tint
  3. dye
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.litrlitinnlitrlitinn
Acc.litlitinlitlitin
Dat.litlitinlitumlitinum
Gen.litarlitinslitarlitin

lit(a)

wv. /lit/, from ON lita

  1. to colour
  2. to paint
  3. to dye

Declensions:

  • infinitive: lit
  • imperative: lit
  • imperative passive voice: litask
  • present participle: litand
  • past participle: litit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s litarlitirlittlitumk
2s litarlitirlittlittisk
3s litarlitirlittlittisk
1p litumlitimlitumlitumk
2p litiðlitiðlituðlittisk
3p litiðlitiðlituðlittisk

líf

sn.n. /lèv/, from ON líf

  1. life
  2. the period during which something is functional or durable
  3. a way or manner of living
  4. the state or fact of being alive
  5. vitality, energy, or spirit

Alternative form: lef

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.líflífitlíflífitr
Acc.líflífitlíflífit
Dat.líflífitlífumlífitum
Gen.lífslífitslífslífit

hav líf

  1. to be energetic
  2. to be enthusiastic, positive

lífsván

sn.f. /ˌlèfsˈvɛ̀n/, from líf and ván

  1. raison d’être
  2. life hope
  3. vocation, calling, mission

Alternative form: lefsvén

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.lífsvánnlífsváninnlífsvánnlífsváninn
Acc.lífsvánlífsváninlífsvánlífsvánin
Dat.lífsvánlífsváninlífsvánumlífsváninum
Gen.lífsvánnlífsváninslífsvánnlífsvánin

lík(a)

/lèk/, from ON líka

  1. (wv) to like

  2. (adv) like, similar to

  3. (adv) also

    Example

    Hann talar á Ensk og líka Fransk.

    He speaks English and also French.

  4. infinitive: lík

  5. imperative: lík

  6. imperative passive voice: lekask

  7. present participle: lekand

  8. past participle: lekit

person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s líkarlíkirlíktlíkumk
2s líkarlíkirlíktlíktisk
3s líkarlíkirlíktlíktisk
1p líkumlíkimlíkumlíkumk
2p líkiðlíkiðlíkuðlíktisk
3p líkiðlíkiðlíkuðlíktisk

lít(a)

sv. /lèt/, from ON líta

  1. to look at, to behold, to see

Declensions:

  • infinitive: lít
  • imperative: lít
  • imperative passive voice: lítask
  • present participle: lítand
  • past participle: lítit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s lítarlítirlíttlítumk
2s lítarlítirlíttlítask
3s lítarlítirlíttlítask
1p lítumlítimlítumlítumk
2p lítuðlítiðlítuðlítask
3p lítuðlítiðlítuðlítask

The semantic subject of the verb will always bear the dative case.

Example

Han lítt í húsit sín.

She looked at her house.

hanlít-tíhús-itsín
3sf.NOMlook-3s.PST.INDathouse-DEFoneself.GEN

ljós

sn.n. /ljɔ̀s/, from ON ljós

  1. light, the natural agent that stimulates sight and makes things visible
  2. illumination, the act or process of supplying or distributing light
  3. brightness, the quality or state of being bright, used in scientific contexts, refering to the specific amount of brightness, see also birt(i)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.ljósljósitljósljósitr
Acc.ljósljósitljósljósit
Dat.ljósljósitljósumljósitum
Gen.ljóssljósitsljóssljósit

lok(a)

sv. /lok/, from ON loka

  1. to finish, to complete, to bring something to an end

    Example

    Hann lokt verkit

    He finished the work

  2. to close, to shut, to move something so that it covers or blocks an opening

    Example

    Han lokt dyrinn

    She closed the door

  3. to shut, to shut down

    Example

    Lokt þú vétalat?

    Did you shut down the computer?

  4. to lock, to secure something so that it cannot be opened without a key or special means

    Example

    Hann lokt dyrinn með lykilit

    He locked the door with the key

Declensions:

  • infinitive: lok
  • imperative: lok
  • imperative passive voice: lokask
  • present participle: lokand
  • past participle: lokin
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s lokarlokirloktlokumk
2s lokarlokirloktlokask
3s lokarlokirloktlokask
1p lokumlokimlokumlokumk
2p lokiðlokiðlokuðlokask
3p lokiðlokiðlokuðlokask

*

lykil

wn.m. /lykil/, from ON lykill

  1. key (to a keyhole, to a lock,…)
  2. musical key
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.lykillykilitlykilllykilitr
Acc.lykillykilitlykillykilit
Dat.lykillykilitlykilumlykilitum
Gen.lykilslykilitslykilslykilit

M

mag(i)

wn.m. /mɑɣ/, from ON magi

  1. stomach (organ)

  2. belly, abdomen

  3. appetite, desire; a strong feeling of hunger or craving for food

    Example

    Ek hav mikil mag.

    I have a big appetite.

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.magmagitmagrmagitr
Acc.magmagitmagmagit
Dat.magmagitmagummagitum
Gen.magsmagitsmagsmagit

man

in.m. /mɑn/, from ON maðr

  1. man
  2. person
  3. husband (colloquial)
  4. interj. (colloquial) dude (indefinite accusative only)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.maðrmaðinnmeðrmeðinn
Acc.mannmanninmennmennin
Dat.mannmanninmennummenninum
Gen.mannsmanninsmennsmennin

man(u)

iv. /mɑn/, from ON munu

  1. auxilliary verb to express the future, will, shall

    Example

    Vér munum far til sjónvarphúsit ok eptirdag

    We will go to the theatre tomorrow

  2. will, shall, must

    Example

    Þú man les að bókan.

    You will/must read the book.

  3. polite conditional when used in the subjunctive

    Example

    Ef hann mynir kom…

    If he comes…

  4. likely conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the conditional mood

Declensions:

  • infinitive: man
  • imperative: mun
  • present participle: munand
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.Past
1s manmynirmynd
2s manmynirmynd
3s manmynirmynd
1p munummynimmyndum
2p munuðmyniðmynduð
3p munuðmyniðmynduð

mastergrað(a)

wn.n. /ˈmɑʃterˌɡrɑð/, from English Master and Middle Eittlandic graða (see grað(a))

  1. Master’s degree

See grað(a) for declensions.

maðr

Nominative of man

mál(a)

wv. /mɛ̀l/, from ON mæla

  1. to measure
  2. to determine a size or a quantity
  3. to estimate

Declensions:

  • infinitive: mál
  • imperative: mál
  • imperative passive voice: málask
  • present participle: máland
  • past participle: málin
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s málarmálirmáltmálumk
2s málarmálirmáltmálisk
3s málarmálirmáltmálisk
1p málummálimmálummálumk
2p máliðmáliðmáluðmálisk
3p máliðmáliðmáluðmálisk

málskipan

sn.f. /ˈmɛ̀lˌʃkipɑn/, from ON mæla and OE skipan

  1. language (i.e. Eittlandic, English, Japanese…)

For its declensions, see skipan.

mán(i)

wn.m. /mɛ̀n/, from ON máni

  1. the moon
  2. a moon
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.mánmánitmánrmánitr
Acc.mánmánitmánmánit
Dat.mánmánitmánummánitum
Gen.mánsmánitsmánsmánit

Like sól, the definite and plural form of mán are modern and generally used to refer to a moon in its astronomical sense. In general Eittlandic, Mán tends to more often means the moon. In written Eittlandic, mán generally means a moon, while Mán generally means the (Earth’s) moon.

mánsveg

sn.m. /mɛ̀ns.βeɣ/, from mán(i) and veg

  1. sky, with a connotation with space (litteraly moon’s way)
  2. stratosphere

For declensions, see veg

Mánsdag

sn.m. /mɛ̀nsdaɣ/ from ON mánadagr

  1. Monday, second day of the week

For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.

mat

sn.m. /mɑt/, from ON matr

  1. food; any substance that people or animals eat to live and grow; often used in the context of meals and the enjoyment of eating, especially for humans; typically refers to human food and the act of eating, with a focus on the culinary aspect
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.matrmatinnmatrmatinn
Acc.matmatinmatmatin
Dat.matmatinmatummatinum
Gen.matarmatinsmatarmatin

While this is an uncountable noun, its plural form can be used when referring to different types of food or meat.

Example

  • Han lítar í matin

    She takes a look at the food

  • Han lítar í matinum

    She takes a look at the different types of food

See also fœð.

metr(o)

wn.n. /metr/, from French “métro”

  1. subway, underground
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.metrmetrotmetrormetrotr
Acc.metrmetrotmetrmetrot
Dat.metrmetrotmetrummetrotum
Gen.metrosmetrotsmetrosmetrot

See also undirland

með

adv. /með/

  1. with
  2. prefix with, co-smth. See

Meðkonung

sn.m. /meðˈkonoŋ/, see með and konung

  1. Co-King

Alternative form: Meðkonong

See Konung for declension.

mikil

adj. /mikil/, from ON mikill

  1. big, large; having considerable size or extent
  2. great, important; having significant value or influence
  3. much, a lot; a large amount or quantity
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.mikillmikilt
Acc.mikilmikilt
Dat.mikilummikilum
Gen.mikilsmikils
Pl.Nom.mikilarmikil
Acc.mikilmikil
Dat.mikilummikilum
Gen.mikilarmikill

mið

adj. /mið/, from ON miðr

  1. middle (physically and temporaly)
  2. midways
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.miðrmiðt
Acc.miðmiðt
Dat.miðummiðum
Gen.miðsmiðs
Pl.Nom.miðarmið
Acc.miðmið
Dat.miðummiðum
Gen.miðarmiðr

mjúk

adj. /mjòk/, from ON mjúkr

  1. soft, gentle, soothing
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.mjúkrmjúkt
Acc.mjúkmjúkt
Dat.mjúkummjúkum
Gen.mjúksmjúks
Pl.Nom.mjúkarmjúk
Acc.mjúkmjúk
Dat.mjúkummjúkum
Gen.mjúkarmjúkr

móð

sn.f. /mɔ̀ð/, from ON móðir, reanalized as móð + -ir

  1. mother
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.móðrmóðinnmœðrmœðinn
Acc.móðmóðinmœðmœðin
Dat.móðmóðinmœðummœðinum
Gen.móðirmóðinsmœðirmœðin

móðirsyst

sn.f. /ˈmɔ̀ð.er.ˌsyʃt/, from móð and syst

  1. aunt; the sister of one’s mother

For declensions, see syst.

See also faðarsyst.

munn

sn.m. /munː/, from ON munnr

  1. mouth

  2. opening, entrance; a place where something begins or enters

  3. speech, utterance; the act of speaking or expressing thoughts

    Example

    Hann opnt munn henn ok talt.

    He opened his mouth and spoke.

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.munnmunninnmunnmunninn
Acc.munnmunninmunnmunnin
Dat.munnmunninmunnummunninum
Gen.munnarmunninsmunnarmunnin

mynd

sn.f. /mynd/

  1. image, picture
  2. video
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.myndrmyndinnmyndrmyndinn
Acc.myndmyndinmyndmyndin
Dat.myndmyndinmyndummyndinum
Gen.myndarmyndinsmyndarmyndin

myrgun

in.m. /ˈmyrɡun/, /mʏʁːʊn/ in some dialects, from ON myrgunn

  1. morning, aurora

In the Eittlandic culture, morning only lasts from the first lights of the day to the moment the sun is actually up in the sky, no longer bordering the horizon. It is then perfectly possible for Eittlanders to consider this is no longer morning at 9AM in the summer as the sun has already been up for some time by then.

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.myrgunnmyrninnmyrnarmyrnann
Acc.myrgunmyrninmyrnmyrnan
Dat.myrnmyrninmyrnummyrnanum
Gen.myrnarmyrninsmyrnarmyrnan

mœð

See móð

mœt(a)

wv. /mœ̀t/, from ON mǿta

  1. to meet, to encounter, to come together by chance or arrangement

Declensions:

  • infinitive: mœt
  • imperative: mœt
  • imperative passive voice: mœtask
  • present participle: mœtand
  • past participle: mœtit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s mœtarmœtirmœttmœtumk
2s mœtarmœtirmœttmœttisk
3s mœtarmœtirmœttmœttisk
1p mœtummœtimmœtummœtumk
2p mœtiðmœtiðmœtuðmœttisk
3p mœtiðmœtiðmœtuðmœttisk

N

nakt

adj. /nɑkt/

  1. naked
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.naktrnaktt
Acc.naktnaktt
Dat.naktumnaktum
Gen.naktsnakts
Pl.Nom.naktarnakt
Acc.naktnakt
Dat.naktumnaktum
Gen.naktarnaktr

nanuk

sn.m. /nɑn.ok/, Tunrit borrowing

  1. white bear; polar bear
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.nanukrnanukinnnanukrnanukinn
Acc.nanuknanukinnanuknanukin
Dat.nanuknanukinnanukumnanukinum
Gen.nanukarnanukinsnanukarnanukin

See also bern.

ná

adv. /nɛ̀/, from ON ná

  1. now

    Example

    Ná kømar ek frá universitetit.

    I come from the university now.

  2. intensifier, used at the end of sentences

    Example

    Ek kømar frá universitetit ná!

    • I come from the university (you know)

    or

    • (I’ll have you know) I come from the university!
  3. progressive marker when placed right after the verb

    Example

    Ek kømar ná frá universitetit.

    I’m coming from the university.

Alternative form: né

adj. from ON nær

  1. near
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.nárnát
Acc.nánát
Dat.námumnámum
Gen.násnás
Pl.Nom.nárarná
Acc.náná
Dat.námumnámum
Gen.nárarnár

nágrann(i)

wn.m. /nɛ̀.ɡrɑnː/, from ná and grann(i)

  1. immediate neighbour, next door or next house over

See also bú

nákkur

indef.pron. /nɛ̀χor/, from EON nǫkkur

  1. anyone, any

  2. some, someone

    Example

    • Nákkurr kœmt í dag

      Someone came yesterday

See Indefinite pronouns (grammar) for more information on this indefinite pronoun.

 MasculineFeminineNeuter
Sg.Nom.nákkurrnákkurnákkut
Acc.nákkurnákkurnákkut
Dat.nákkurumnákkurrnákkur
Gen.nákkursnákkurrarnákkurs
Pl.Nomnákkurarnákkurarnákkur
Acc.nákkurnákkurnákkur
Dat.nákkurumnákkurumnákkurum
Gen.nákkursnákkursnákkurs

náng

interj. /nɛŋ/, propably a Tunrit borrowing

  1. negative counter-factual, see the questions section of the grammar

See also áng.

Alternative form: néng

nef

sn.f. /nef/, from ON nef

  1. nose, beak; the protuding part of the face that bears the nostrils
  2. sense of smell; the ability to perceive odors
  3. front, prow; the forward-most part of an object, especially of a ship
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.nefrnefinnnefrnefinn
Acc.nefnefinnefnefin
Dat.nefnefinnefumnefinum
Gen.nefarnefinsnefarnefin

nei

/nɑɪ/, from ON nei

  1. (adv.) no
  2. (interj) no, as an exclamation of panic, regret

nem

/nem/, from ON nema, see also en

  • conj. but (emphasis on counterfactual)
  • adv. expect, save, but
  • wn.n. studies, from nem(a)
    1. the act or process of learning or acquiring knowledge, especially through systematic investigation or instruction
    2. a particular field or subject of academic study
    3. a collection of academic research or investigations
Table 11: Declensions of nem as a noun
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.nemnematnemmnematr
Acc.nemnematnemnemat
Dat.nemnematnemumnematum
Gen.nemsnematsnemsnemat

nem(a)

sv. /nem/, from ON nema

  1. to study, to apply oneself to the acquisition of knowledge, as by reading, inverstigation, or practice.
  2. to examine or investigate something closely
  3. to memorize or learn something by heart
  4. to be engaged in academic pursuits

Declensions:

  • infinitive: nem
  • imperative: nem
  • imperative passive voice: nemask
  • present participle: nemand
  • past participle: nemit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s nemarnemirnemtnemumk
2s nemarnemirnemtnemsk
3s nemarnemirnemtnemask
1p nemumnemimnemumnemumk
2p nemiðnemiðnemuðnemask
3p nemiðnemiðnemuðnemask

nipt

sn.f. /niɸt/, from ON nipt

  1. niece; the daughter of one’s sibling
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.niptrniptinnniptrniptinn
Acc.niptniptinniptniptin
Dat.niptniptinniptumniptinum
Gen.niptarniptinsniptarniptin

norvegsúlf

sn.m. /ˈnorβejsˌòlv/, from ON Noregs (genitive of ON Noregr) and ON úlfr

  1. wolf, litt. Norway’s wolf.

Alternative form: norvejsólv

Wolves do not naturally live in Eittland. Their only relatives introduced to the island were dogs and wolf-dogs, and the latter inherited the simpler úlfr term. Noun composed by Old Norse noregs (genitive of Noregr, Norway) and úlfr.

For declensions, see úlf.

not(a)

wv. /not/, from ON nota

  1. to use; to employ something for a purpose
  2. to utilize; to make practical use of something
  3. to consue; to expend something by using it

Declensions:

  • infinitive: not
  • imperative: not
  • imperative passive voice: notask
  • present participle: notand
  • past participle: notit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s notarnotirnottnotumk
2s notarnotirnottnottisk
3s notarnotirnottnottisk
1p notumnotimnotumnotumk
2p notiðnotiðnotuðnottisk
3p notiðnotiðnotuðnottisk

ný

adj. /nø̀/, from ON nýr

  1. new
  2. recent, new
  3. fresh
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.nýrnýt
Acc.nýnýt
Dat.nývumnývum
Gen.nýsnýs
Pl.Nom.nývarný
Acc.nýný
Dat.nývumnývum
Gen.nývarnýr

O

ok

conj. /ok/, from ON ok

  1. and

ov

adv. /oβ/, from ON of

  1. too, excessively, to a degree or extent that is more than is necessary, acceptable, or desirable
  2. very, extremely, to a great degree or extent

Of can be used with adjectives, adverbs, and verbs to indicate excess or emphasis.

opin

adj. /ˈopin/, from ON opinn

  1. open
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.opinropint
Acc.opinopint
Dat.opinumopinum
Gen.opinsopins
Pl.Nom.opinaropin
Acc.opinopin
Dat.opinumopinum
Gen.opinaropinr

opn(a)

sv. /opn̩/, from ON opna

  1. to open

Declensions:

  • infinitive: opn
  • imperative: opn
  • imperative passive voice: opnask
  • present participle: opnand
  • past participle: opnit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s opnaropniropntopnumk
2s opnaropniropntopnsk
3s opnaropniropntopnask
1p opnumopnimopnumopnumk
2p opniðopniðopnuðopnask
3p opniðopniðopnuðopnask

opt

adv. /oɸt/, from ON opt

  1. often

Alternative form: oft

orð

sn.n. /orð/

  1. word, utterance
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.orðorðitorðorðitr
Acc.orðorðitorðorðit
Dat.orðorðitorðumorðitum
Gen.orðsorðitsorðsorðit

orðtak

wn.n. /ˈorðˌtɑk/, from orðtak(a)

  1. a quote
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.orðtakorðtakitorðtakrorðtakitr
Acc.orðtakorðtakitorðtakorðtakit
Dat.orðtakorðtakitorðtakumorðtakitum
Gen.orðtaksorðtakitsorðtaksorðtakit

orðtak(a)

sv. /ˈorðˌtɑk/, from orð and tak(a)

  1. to quote

Declensions:

  • infinitive: orðtak
  • imperative: orðtak
  • imperative passive voice: orðtakask
  • present participle: orðtakand
  • past participle: orðtakit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s orðtakarorðtakirorðtaktorðtakumk
2s orðtakarorðtakirorðtaktorðtaksk
3s orðtakarorðtakirorðtaktorðtakisk
1p orðtakumorðtakimorðtakumorðtakumk
2p orðtakiðorðtakiðorðtakuðorðtakisk
3p orðtakiðorðtakiðorðtakuðorðtakisk

Ó

ó-

prefix /ɔ̀/

Equivalent of English un…, not smth

Example

ótraust

unsafe

ótraust

adj. /ˌɔ̀ˈtrɔʃt/

  1. unsafe, not trustworthy
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.ótraustrótraustt
Acc.ótraustótraustt
Dat.ótraustumótraustum
Gen.ótraustsótrausts
Pl.Nom.ótraustarótraust
Acc.ótraustótraust
Dat.ótraustumótraustum
Gen.ótraustarótraustr

Óðin

pn. /ɔðen/, from ON Óðinn

  1. Odin
 Sg.
Nom.Óðinn
Acc.Óðin
Dat.Óðin
Gen.Óðins

Óðinsdag

sn.m. /ɔð.ens.daɣ/, from ON óðinsdagr

  1. Wednesday, fourth day of the week

For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.

óglað

adj. /ˈɔ̀ɡʲœð/, from ON óglaðr

  1. very sad, depressed, miserable

Alternative form: ógjœð

 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.óglaðróglaðt
Acc.óglaðóglaðt
Dat.óglaðumóglaðum
Gen.óglaðsóglaðs
Pl.Nom.óglaðaróglað
Acc.óglaðóglað
Dat.óglaðumóglaðum
Gen.óglaðaróglaðr

óss

sn.m. /ɔ̀sː/, from ON óss

  1. river mouth
  2. fjord mouth
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.óssróssinnóssróssinn
Acc.óssóssinóssóssin
Dat.óssóssinóssumóssinum
Gen.óssaróssinanóssaróssin

óveð

sn.n. /ˌɔ̀β.ˈeð/, from ó- and veð

  1. storm, tempest

    Example

    Óveð kœmt upp.

    A storm arose.

For declensions, see veð.

óvin

sn.m. /ɔ̀β.en/, from ó- and vin

  1. enemy

For declensions, see vin

P

panig

sn.f. /ˈpɑn.eɣ/, likely from Tunrit. Compare to Greenlandic panik

  1. daughter, term of endearment

See also dótt(u)

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.panikrpaniginnpanikrpaniginn
Acc.panigpaniginpanigpanigin
Dat.panigpaniginpanigumpaniginum
Gen.panigarpaniginspanigarpanigin

park

wn.n. /pɑrk/, from French parc

  1. parc
  2. natural reserve
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.parkparkitparkrparkitr
Acc.parkparkitparkparkit
Dat.parkparkitparkumparkitum
Gen.parksparkitsparksparkit

pengvin

wn.n. /ˈpeŋβen/, from French pingouin through Danish pingvin

  1. penguin

Alternative form: pengven

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.pengvinpengvinitpengvinnpengvinitr
Acc.pengvinpengvinitpengvinpengvinit
Dat.pengvinpengvinitpengvinumpengvinitum
Gen.pengvinspengvinitspengvinspengvinit

pos(i)

wn.n. /pos/, probably a Tunrit borrowing

  1. posi, Eittlandic seal

Alternative form: pos(e)

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.pospositposrpositr
Acc.pospositposposit
Dat.pospositposumpositum
Gen.posspositspossposit

R

ras

sn.m. /rɑs/, from ON rass

  1. buttocks, arse, ass

  2. rear end, backside

  3. (derogatory) ass; used to refer to someone in a derogatory or insulting manner

    Example

    Hann er ras.

    He’s an ass.

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.rassrasinnrassrasinn
Acc.rasrasinrasrasin
Dat.rasrasinrasumrasinum
Gen.rasarrasinsrasarrasin

rauð

adj. /rɔð/, from ON rauðr

  1. red
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.rauðrrauðt
Acc.rauðrauðt
Dat.rauðumrauðum
Gen.rauðsrauðs
Pl.Nom.rauðarrauð
Acc.rauðrauð
Dat.rauðumrauðum
Gen.rauðarrauðr

ráð

sn.n. /rɛ̀ð/

  1. advice, counsel
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.ráðráðitráðráðitr
Acc.ráðráðitráðráðit
Dat.ráðráðitráðumráðitum
Gen.ráðsráðitsráðsráðit

ráðspell

sn.n. /ˈrɛ̀ðˌʃpelː/, from ráð and spell

  1. debate

See spell for declension.

ráðuneyt(i)

wn.m. /ˈrɛ̀ðoˌnœʏt/, from OI ráðuneyti

  1. Ministry
  2. department

Alternative form: réðoneyt

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.ráðuneytráðuneytitráðuneytrráðuneytitr
Acc.ráðuneytráðuneytitráðuneytráðuneytit
Dat.ráðuneytráðuneytitráðuneytumráðuneytitum
Gen.ráðuneytsráðuneytitsráðuneytsráðuneytit

regn

sn.n. /reɡn̩/, from ON regn

  1. rain; water falling from the sky in drops, typically in liquid form and in warmer temperatures
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.regnregnitregnregnitr
Acc.regnregnitregnregnit
Dat.regnregnitregnumregnitum
Gen.regnsregnitsregnsregnit

regn(a)

wv. /reɡn̩/, from ON regn

  1. to rain; for water to fall from the sky in drops

Declensions:

  • infinitive: regn
  • imperative: regn
  • imperative passive voice: regnask
  • present participle: regnand
  • past participle: regnit

Declensions:

  • infinitive: regn
  • imperative: regn
  • imperative passive voice: regnask
  • present participle: regnand
  • past participle: regnit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s regnarregnirregnatregnumk
2s regnarregnirregnatregnaðisk
3s regnarregnirregnatregnaðisk
1p regnumregnimregnumregnumk
2p regniðregniðregnuðregnaðisk
3p regniðregniðregnuðregnaðisk

rekkja (noun)

wn.f. /rekxə/, from ON rekkja

  1. nap, siesta
  2. makeshift bed, napping bed
  3. object on which one can sleep, but whose main use is not necessarily that of a bed

It is not unusual to find in Eittland in workplaces a half mattress in a corner of a room or near a wall. They are usually used to nap, by sitting on them with one’s back against the wall or in a fœtal position. These can be found both in offices as well as on manual workers’ workplaces.

This practice is however slowly disappearing, especially in urban areas.

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.rekkjarekkjatrekkjarrekkjatn
Acc.rekkjarekkjatrekkjarekkjat
Dat.rekkjarekkjatrekkjumrekkjatum
Gen.rekkjasrekkjatsrekkjasrekkjat

rekkja (verb)

wv. /rexː/, from ON

  1. to nap in a bed

Declensions:

  • infinitive: rekkja
  • imperative: rekkja
  • imperative passive voice: rekkjask
  • present participle: rekkjand
  • past participle: rekkjit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s rekkjarrekkjirrekkjatrekkjumk
2s rekkjarrekkjirrekkjatrekkjaðisk
3s rekkjarrekkjirrekkjatrekkjaðisk
1p rekkjumrekkjimrekkjumrekkjumk
2p rekkjiðrekkjiðrekkjuðrekkjaðisk
3p rekkjiðrekkjiðrekkjuðrekkjaðisk

rekkláð

wn.n. /ˈrekːˌlɛ̀ð/, from rekkja and kláð(i)

  1. pyjama, litt “napping clothes”
 Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.rekkláðrrekkláðitr
Acc.rekkláðrekkláðit
Dat.rekkláðumrekkláðitum
Gen.rekkláðsrekkláðit

rít(a)

sv. /rèt/, from ON ríta

  1. to write

Declensions:

  • infinitive: rít
  • imperative: rít
  • imperative passive voice: rítask
  • present participle: rítand
  • past participle: rítit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s rítarrítirríttrítumk
2s rítarrítirríttrítsk
3s rítarrítirríttrítask
1p rítumrítimrítumrítumk
2p rítiðrítiðrítuðrítask
3p rítiðrítiðrítuðrítask

rúm

sn.n. /ròm/

  1. room
  2. channel (as in an online app)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.rúmrúmitrúmrúmitr
Acc.rúmrúmitrúmrúmit
Dat.rúmrúmitrúmumrúmitum
Gen.rúmsrúmitsrúmsrúmit

rúmvin

sn.m. /ˈròmˌβin/, from rúm and vin

  1. roommate

For declensions, see vin

S

-smið

suffix /smið/

  1. -work

Forms strong masculine nouns

sag(a)

wn.f. /sɑj/, from ON saga

  1. story, tale, legend
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.sagsagatsagarsagatr
Acc.sagsagatsagsagat
Dat.sagsagatsagumsagatum
Gen.sagssagatssagssagats

sagj(a)

sv. /sɑj/, from ON sagja

  1. to say, to tell
  2. to proclaim, to declare

Declensions:

  • infinitive: sagja
  • imperative: sagja
  • imperative passive voice: sagjask
  • present participle: sagjand
  • past participle: sagjat
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s sagjarsagjirsagjatsagjumk
2s sagjarsagjirsagjatsagjask
3s sagjarsagjirsagjatsagjask
1p sagjumsagjimsagjumsagjumk
2p sagjiðsagjiðsagjuðsagjask
3p sagjiðsagjiðsagjuðsagjask

sam

adj. /sɑm/, from ON samr

  1. same; identical, unchanged, or equal
  2. similar; having a likeness or resemblance
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.samrsamt
Acc.samsamt
Dat.samumsamum
Gen.samssams
Pl.Nom.samarsam
Acc.samsam
Dat.samumsamum
Gen.samarsamr

samrekkja

wv. /ˈsɑmˌrekxə/, from rekkja

  1. sleep with someone
  2. to have sex with someone (euphemism)

See rekkja for conjugaison.

sand

sn.m. /sɑnd/, from ON sandr

  1. sand
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.sandrsandinnsandrsandinn
Acc.sandsandinsandsandin
Dat.sandsandinsandumsandinum
Gen.sandarsandinssandarsandin

sann

adj. /sɑnː/, from ON sannr

  1. true
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.sannsatt
Acc.sannsatt
Dat.sannumsannum
Gen.sannssanns
Pl.Nom.sannarsann
Acc.sannsann
Dat.sannumsannum
Gen.sannarsannr

sauð

sn.m. /sɔð/, from ON sauðr

  1. sheep

  2. a crowd or flock; a large gathering of people, often moving or behaving in a similar manner

  3. a source of comfort or warmth, something that provides comfort, warmth, or a sense of security; a soothing or comforting presence

    Example

    Han es sauðin í lífit mínt

    She is the sheep in my life; she is a source of comfort and warmth

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.sauðrsauðinnsauðrsauðinn
Acc.sauðsauðinsauðsauðin
Dat.sauðsauðinsauðumsauðinum
Gen.sauðarsauðinssauðarsauðin

sá

/sɛ̀/

  1. pron. that

    See also þess(i)

  2. conj. and adv.: Regional variant of svá, used mainly in the Ðeberget bay.

Table 12: sa-pronoun-declension
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.sáþat
Acc.sannþat
Dat.þeimþí
Gen.þessþess
Pl.Nom.þeirþau
Acc.þáþau
Dat.þeimþeim
Gen.þeirþeir

sáing

sn.f. /ˈsɛ̀jŋ/, from ON sæing

  1. bed

Alternative form: séing

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.sáingrsáinginnsáingrsáinginn
Acc.sáingsáinginsáingsáingin
Dat.sáingsáinginsáingumsáinginum
Gen.sáingarsáinginssáingarsáingin

sáingkláð

wn.n. /ˈsɛ̀jnˌklɛ̀ð/, from sáing and kláð

  1. bed sheets, litt. “bed clothes”

Alternative form: séingkléð

See kláð for declensions.

sem

/sem/, from ON sem

  1. pron. who, which, that (relative pronoun)

    Example

    • Maðinn sem talar er bróðin mín.

      The man who is speaking is my brother.

  2. conj.

    1. (comparative) how, as, like, in the way that

      Used as a conjunction to introduce a comparative clause

      Example

      • Hann svart sem hann vilir.

        He replied the way he wanted.

      • Ek er eig svá hár sem þú.

        I am not as tall as you.

    2. (temporal) when, while

      When used as a conjunction, can introduce a temporal clause

      Example

      Sem ek vas lesand, ek sovnt.

      While I was reading, I fell asleep.

    3. (causal) since, because

      Introduces a causal clause

      Example

      Sem ek vas sjúkr, kœmt ek eig.

      Since I was sick, I didn’t come.

send(a)

wv. /send/, from ON senda

  1. to send, to dispatch, to cause something to be taken or transmitted to another location or person

    Example

    Ek sendt brévit

    I sent the letter

  2. to emit, to transmit, to give off or release something, such as light, sound, or a signal

Declensions:

  • infinitive: send
  • imperative: send
  • imperative passive voice: sendask
  • present participle: sendand
  • past participle: sendit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s sendarsendirsendtsendumk
2s sendarsendirsendtsenðisk
3s sendarsendirsendtsenðisk
1p sendumsendimsendumsendumk
2p sendiðsendiðsenduðsenðisk
3p sendiðsendiðsenduðsenðisk

sél

adj. /sɛ̀l/, from EON séll

  1. happy, blessed
  2. fortunate, lucky
  3. prosperous, thriving; experiencing success and good fortune
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.sélrsélt
Acc.sélsélt
Dat.sélumsélum
Gen.sélsséls
Pl.Nom.sélarsél
Acc.sélsél
Dat.sélumsélum
Gen.sélarsélr

sit(ja)

iv. /sit/, from ON sitja

  1. to sit
  2. to represent (politics)

Declensions:

  • infinitive: sit
  • imperative: sit
  • imperative passive voice: sitask
  • present participle: sitjand
  • past participle: sitit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s sitjarsitirsatsitjumk
2s sitjarsitirsatsitjask
3s sitjarsitirsatsitjask
1p sitjumsitimsetumsitjumk
2p sitiðsitiðsetuðsitjask
3p sitiðsitiðsetuðsitjask

síð(a)

wf.n. /sèð/, from ON síða

  1. side (of something)
  2. side, direction
  3. site, location (often figurative)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.síðsíðatsíðrsíðatr
Acc.síðsíðatsíðsíðat
Dat.síðsíðatsíðumsíðatum
Gen.síðssíðatssíðssíðat

síðan

adv. /sèðɑn/, from ON

  1. after, temporal posteriority or lesser priority

sjá

sn.m. /ʃɛ̀/, from ON sær

  1. sea; a large body of salt water that covers a significant part of the Earth’s surface
  2. ocean; one of the five large bodies of water that cover the Earth
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.sjársjánnsjársjánn
Acc.sjásjánsjásján
Dat.sjásjánsjámsjánum
Gen.sjársjánssjáarsján

sjá

iv. /ʃɛ̀/, from ON sjá

  1. to see
  2. to understand

Alternative form: sjé

Declensions:

  • infinitive: sjá
  • imperative: sjá
  • imperative passive voice: sjásk
  • present participle: sjánd
  • past participle: sját
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s sérsjársjátsjúmk
2s sérsjársjátsjásk
3s sérsjársjátsjásk
1p sjamsjámsjátumsjúmk
2p sjéðsjáðsjátuðsjásk
3p sjáðsjáðsjátuðsjásk

sjón

sn.f. /ʃɔ̀n/, from ON sjón

  1. vision, sighting
  2. spectacle
  3. movie
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.sjónnsjóninnsjónnsjóninn
Acc.sjónsjóninsjónsjón
Dat.sjónsjóninsjónumsjóninum
Gen.sjónarsjóninssjónarsjón

sjónvarp

sn.n. /ʃɔ̀nβarp/, from sjón and varp

  1. movie projection

For declensions, see varp

sjónvarphús

sn.n. /ʃɔ̀n.βarp.hòs/, from sjónvarp and hús

  1. cinema, theatre

For declensions, see hús.

sjúk

adj. /ʃòk/, from ON sjúkr

  1. sick, ill, unwell
  2. weak, frail
  3. nauseous
  4. disgusted, repulsed (by something)
  5. mentally unwell
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.sjúkrsjúkt
Acc.sjúksjúkt
Dat.sjúkumsjúkum
Gen.sjúkssjúks
Pl.Nom.sjúkarsjúk
Acc.sjúksjúk
Dat.sjúkumsjúkum
Gen.sjúkarsjúkr

skal(a)

iv. /ʃkul/, from ON skulu

  1. should, might
  2. irrealis or dubitative modal verb
  3. neutral conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the conditional mood

Declensions:

  • infinitive: skal
  • imperative: skal
  • present participle: skaland
  • past participle: skalit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.Past
1s skalskylirskyldr
2s skaltskylirskyldr
3s skalskylirskyldr
1p skulumskylimskyldum
2p skaluðskyliðskylduð
3p skaluðskyliðskylduð

skap

sn.m. /ʃkɑp/, from ON skap

  1. mood, temper, disposition

    Example

    Hann vas í góðum skap.

    He was in a good mood.

  2. nature, character, quality

    Example

    Skapinn hans er sterk ok staðug.

    He has a strong and steady nature.

  3. condition, state (of something non-living)

    Example

    Veðits skapr er óstaðug.

    The condition of the weather is unsteady.

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.skaprskapinnskaprskapinn
Acc.skapskapinskapskapin
Dat.skapskapinskapumskapinum
Gen.skaparskapinsskaparskapin

skáp

sn.m. /ʃkɛ̀p/, from ON skápr

  1. cabinet, a piece of furniture with shelves, drawers, or compartments for storing or displaying items
  2. cuboard, a closed cabinet with doors, used for storing kitchen utensils, dishes, or food
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.skáprskápinnskáprskápinn
Acc.skápskápinskápskápin
Dat.skápskápinskápumskápinum
Gen.skáparskápinsskáparskápin

skil(ja)

sv. /ʃkiːʎ/, from ON skilja

  1. to differenciate
  2. to segregate, to separate
  3. to understand a difference

Alternative form: skij

Declensions:

  • infinitive: skilja
  • imperative: skilja
  • imperative passive voice: skiljask
  • present participle: skiljand
  • past participle: skit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s skiljarskilirskiljatskiljumk
2s skiljarskilirskiljatskiljask
3s skiljarskilirskiljatskiljask
1p skiljumskilimskiljumskiljumk
2p skiliðskiliðskiljuðskiljask
3p skiliðskiliðskiljuðskiljask

skip

sn.n. /ʃkip/, from ON skip

  1. ship; a large vessel used for traveling on water, often for commrcial, military, or exploratory purposes
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.skipskipitskipskipitr
Acc.skipskipitskipskipit
Dat.skipskipitskipumskipitum
Gen.skipsskipitsskipsskipit

skipan

sn.f. /ʃkipan/, from ON skipan

  1. arrangement, order, organisation (of things)
  2. item box, for organising belongings
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.skipanrskipaninnskipannskipaninn
Acc.skipanskipaninskipanskipanin
Dat.skipanskipaninskipanumskipaninum
Gen.skipanarskipaninsskipanarskipanin

skipt(a)

sv. /ʃkiɸt/, from ON skipta

  1. to change, to make something different or alter its state
  2. to switch, to toggle, to move from one state or position to another, especially in the context of mechanical or electronic devices
  3. to exchange, to give something and receive something else in return
  4. to shift, to move or transfer something from one place or position to another
  5. to alter, modify, to make adjustments or modifications to something
  6. to replace, to put something new in the place of something old or existing

Declensions:

  • infinitive: skipt
  • imperative: skipt
  • imperative passive voice: skiptask
  • present participle: skiptand
  • past participle: skiptit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s skiptarskiptirskiptskiptumk
2s skiptarskiptirskiptskiptisk
3s skiptarskiptirskiptskiptisk
1p skiptumskiptimskiptumskiptumk
2p skiptiðskiptiðskiptuðskiptisk
3p skiptiðskiptiðskiptuðskiptisk

skín

wn.n. /skèn/, from skín(a)

  1. shine, shimmer
  2. brightness
  3. radiance
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.skínskínitskínnskínitr
Acc.skínskínitskínskínit
Dat.skínskínitskínumskínitum
Gen.skínsskínitsskínsskínit

skín(a)

sv. /ʃkèn/, from ON skína

  1. to shine
  2. to be bright (emitting light)

Declensions:

  • infinitive: skín
  • imperative: skín
  • imperative passive voice: skínask
  • present participle: skínand
  • past participle: skínin
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s skínarskínirskíntskínumk
2s skínarskínirskíntskínask
3s skínarskínirskíntskínask
1p skínumskínimskínumskínumk
2p skíniðskíniðskínuðskínask
3p skíniðskíniðskínuðskínask

skít

sn.n. /ʃkèt/

  1. vulgar excrement, shit
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.skítskítitskítskítitr
Acc.skítskítitskítskítit
Dat.skítskítitskítumskítitum
Gen.skítsskítitsskítsskítit

skítráð

sn.n. /ˈʃkètˌrɛ̀ð/, from skít and ráð, calque of English shitpost

  1. shitpost, meme

For declensions, see ráð.

skóg

sn.m. /ʃkɔ̀ɣ/, from ON skógr

  1. forest, woods, a large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth
  2. an intricate, densely connected system or network, reminiscent of the structure of a forest
  3. the Internet (colloquial, definite only)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.skógrskóginnskógrskóginn
Acc.skógskóginskógskógin
Dat.skógskóginskógumskóginum
Gen.skógarskóginsskógarskógin

smár

adj. /smɛ̀r/, from ON smár

  1. small, little
  2. narrow
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.smárrsmárt
Acc.smársmárt
Dat.smárumsmárum
Gen.smárssmárs
Pl.Nom.smárarsmár
Acc.smársmár
Dat.smárumsmárum
Gen.smárarsmárr

smársov

wn.n. /smɛ̀rsoβ/, from smár and sov(a)

  1. a nap (in a proper bed)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.smársovsmársovitsmársovrsmársovitr
Acc.smársovsmársovitsmársovsmársovit
Dat.smársovsmársovitsmársovumsmársovitum
Gen.smársovssmársovitssmársovssmársovit

smársov(a)

iv. /smɛ̀rsoβ/, from smár and sov(a)

  1. to nap (in a proper bed)

    See sov(a) for conjugaison.

smer

sn.n. /smer/, from EON smer

  1. butter
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.smersmeritsmersmeritr
Acc.smersmeritsmersmerit
Dat.smersmeritsmerumsmeritum
Gen.smerssmeritssmerssmerit

smer(a)

wv. /smer/, from smer

  1. to spread butter
  2. to smooth over; to make something smooth or even, often used figuratively to resolve disagreements or difficulties
  3. to flatter; to praise someone excessively, often insincerely, to gain favour

Declensions:

  • infinitive: smer
  • imperative: smer
  • imperative passive voice: smerask
  • present participle: smerand
  • past participle: smerit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s smerarsmerirsmertsmerumk
2s smerarsmerirsmertsmerðisk
3s smerarsmerirsmertsmerðisk
1p smerumsmerimsmerumsmerumk
2p smeriðsmeriðsmeruðsmerðisk
3p smeriðsmeriðsmeruðsmerðisk

snár

sn.m. /snɛ̀r/, from ON snjór

  1. snow
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.snárrsnárinnsnárrsnárinn
Acc.snársnárinsnársnárin
Dat.snársnárinsnárumsnárinum
Gen.snárarsnárinssnárarsnárin

son

sn.m. /son/, from ON sonr

  1. son
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.sonnsoninnsonnsoninn
Acc.sonsoninsonsonin
Dat.sonsoninsonumsoninum
Gen.sonarsoninssonarsonin

sorg

sn.f. /sorɡ/, from ON sorg

  1. sorrow; a feeling of deep distress caused by loss, disappointment, or other mistfortune
  2. grief; intense emotional suffering caused by the loss of a loved one
  3. regret; a feeling of sadness, repentance, or disappointment over something that has happened or been done
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.sorgrsorginnsorgrsorginn
Acc.sorgsorginsorgsorgin
Dat.sorgsorginsorgumsorginum
Gen.sorgarsorginssorgarsorgin

sov

wn.n. /soβ/, from sov(a)

  1. a sleep, a long rest (in a bed)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.sovsovitsovrsovitr
Acc.sovsovitsovsovit
Dat.sovsovitsovumsovitum
Gen.sovssovitssovssovit

sov(a)

iv. /soβ/, from ON sofa

  1. to sleep

Declensions:

  • infinitive: sov
  • imperative: sov
  • imperative passive voice: sovask
  • present participle: sovand
  • past participle: sovin
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s søvsovirsoftsovumk
2s søvarsovirsoftsovdask
3s søvarsovirsoftsovdask
1p sovumsovimsávumsovumk
2p soviðsoviðsávuðsovdask
3p soviðsoviðsávuðsovdask

sovn(a)

wv. /soβn/, from ON sofna

  1. to fall asleep

Declensions:

  • infinitive: sovn
  • imperative: sovn
  • imperative passive voice: sovnask
  • present participle: sovnand
  • past participle: sovnit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s sovnarsovnirsovntsovnumk
2s sovnarsovnirsovntsovndisk
3s sovnarsovnirsovntsovndisk
1p sovnumsovnimsovnumsovnumk
2p sovniðsovniðsovnuðsovndisk
3p sovniðsovniðsovnuðsovndisk

sól

sn.f. /sɔ̀l/, from ON sól

  1. the Sun
  2. a sun, a star (astronomical sense)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.sólsólinnsóllsólinn
Acc.sólsólinsólsólin
Dat.sólsólinsólumsólinum
Gen.sólarsólinssólarsólin

See mán(i) for notes regarding the use of the different cases of this word.

sólskin

/sɔ̀lʃken/, from ON sólskin

  1. wn.n. sunshine
  2. adj. sunny
Table 13: solskin-noun-declension
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.sólskinsólskinitsólskinsólskinitr
Acc.sólskinsólskinitsólskinsólskinit
Dat.sólskinsólskinitsólskinumsólskinitum
Gen.sólskinssólskinitssólskinssólskinit
Table 14: solskin-adj-declension
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.sólskinnsólskint
Acc.sólskinsólskint
Dat.sólskinumsólskinum
Gen.sólskinssólskins
Pl.Nom.sólskinarsólskin
Acc.sólskinsólskin
Dat.sólskinumsólskinum
Gen.sólskinarsólskinn

sólskin(a)

sv. /ˈsɔ̀lʃken/, from sólskin

  1. to be sunny
  2. to be a nice day

Declensions:

  • infinitive: sólskin
  • present participle: sólskinand
  • past participle: sólskinin
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
3s sólskinarsólskinirsólskintsólskinask
3p sólskiniðsólskiniðsólskinuðsólskinask

This verb only takes a time reference as its subject or none at all, always in the third personl

spell

sn.n. /ʃpelː/

  1. speech, saying
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.spellspellitspellspellitr
Acc.spellspellitspellspellit
Dat.spellspellitspellumspellitum
Gen.spellsspellitsspellsspellit

stað

sn.m. /ʃtɑð/, from ON staðr

  1. place, location, a particular position, point, or area in space
  2. site, spot, specific location or position
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.staðrstaðinnstaðrstaðinn
Acc.staðstaðinstaðstaðin
Dat.staðstaðinstaðumstaðinum
Gen.staðarstaðinsstaðarstaðin

staðug

adj. /ˈʃtɑð.oɣ/, from ON stǫðugr

  1. steady; firmly fixed or supported, not shaking or moving
  2. constant, unchanging; not varying or fluctuating
  3. reliable, dependable; worthy of trust or reliance
  4. calm, composed; not easily excited or upset
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.staðugrstaðugt
Acc.staðugstaðugt
Dat.staðugumstaðugum
Gen.staðugsstaðugs
Pl.Nom.staðugarstaðug
Acc.staðugstaðug
Dat.staðugumstaðugum
Gen.staðugarstaðugr

stand(a)

sv. /ʃtɑnd/, from ON standa

  1. to stand, to be in an upright position, supported by the feet.

    Example

    Ek standar hér.

    I stand here.

  2. to remain in a particular position or state

  3. to endure or withstand something

  4. to be situated or located

    Example

    Húsit standar á háðin

    The house is/stands on the hill

  5. to take a position or stance on an issue

Declensions:

  • infinitive: stand
  • imperative: stand
  • imperative passive voice: standask
  • present participle: standand
  • past participle: standit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s standarstandirstandtstandumk
2s standarstandirstandtstandsk
3s standarstandirstandtstandisk
1p standumstandimstandumstandumk
2p standiðstandiðstanduðstandisk
3p standiðstandiðstanduðstandisk

stein

sn.m. /ʃtɑɪn/, from ON steinn

  1. stone, a small piece of rock

  2. (metaphor) some thing or someone that is firm, resolute, or reliable; a solid base or support

    Example

    Hann es steinn í vindin.

    He is a rock in the wind, i.e. he is steadfast, reliable

  3. something that impedes progress or makes a task more difficult

    Example

    • Svá er stein í vegin mín

      That’s a stone in my path, i.e. it is an obstacle in my progress

sterk

adj. /ʃterk/, from ON sterkr

  1. strong, powerful; having great physical power or strength
  2. firm, steady; not easily moved or changed
  3. intense,severe; having great force or degree
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.sterkrsterkt
Acc.sterksterkt
Dat.sterkumsterkum
Gen.sterkssterks
Pl.Nom.sterkarsterk
Acc.sterksterk
Dat.sterkumsterkum
Gen.sterkarsterkr

stern(a)

wn.f. /ʃtern/, from EON sterna

  1. star
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.sternsternatsternnsternatr
Acc.sternsternatsternsternat
Dat.sternsternatsternumsternatum
Gen.sternssternatssternssternat

stóð

sn.n. /ʃtɔ̀ð/, from ON standa

  1. support, pillar; a structure that holds something up

    Example

    Húsit standar á sterkum stóðum.

    The house stands on strong pillars.

  2. foundation, base; the lowest part of a structure

  3. backing, assistance; help given to someone or something

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.stóðstóðitstóðstóðitr
Acc.stóðstóðitstóðstóðit
Dat.stóðstóðitstóðumstóðitum
Gen.stóðsstóðitsstóðsstóðit

stóð(a)

sv. /ʃtɔ̀ð/, from ON standa

  1. to support, to hold up; to bear the weight of something
  2. to back, to assist; to give help or encouragement to someone
  3. to stand, to be positioned; to be in an upright position

Declensions:

  • infinitive: stóð
  • imperative: stóð
  • imperative passive voice: stóðask
  • present participle: stóðand
  • past participle: stóðit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s stóðarstóðirstóðtstóðumk
2s stóðarstóðirstóðtstóðsk
3s stóðarstóðirstóðtstóðask
1p stóðumstóðimstóðumstóðumk
2p stóðiðstóðiðstóðuðstóðask
3p stóðiðstóðiðstóðuðstóðask

stól

sn.m. /ʃtɔ̀l/, from ON stóll

  1. chair, a piece of furniture designed for sitting on, typically having a seat, legs, and a back
  2. seat, a place or position designed for sitting
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.stóllstólinnstóllstólinn
Acc.stólstólinstólstólin
Dat.stólstólinstólumstólinum
Gen.stólarstólinsstólarstólin

styrsamhald(i)

sn.n. /ˈʃtyrˌsamhald/, from ON styrr (stir, battle) and samhaldi (a holding together, unity).

  1. military batallion
  2. mitilary unit, group
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.styrsamhaldstyrsamhalditstyrsamhaldstyrsamhalditr
Acc.styrsamhaldstyrsamhalditstyrsamhaldstyrsamhaldit
Dat.styrsamhaldstyrsamhalditstyrsamhaldumstyrsamhalditum
Gen.styrsamhaldsstyrsamhalditsstyrsamhaldsstyrsamhaldit

sumar

sn.n. /ˈsumɑr/, from ON sumar

  1. summer, the warmst season of the year, typically occurring from June to September in Eittland
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.sumarsumaritsumarsumaritr
Acc.sumarsumaritsumarsumarit
Dat.sumarsumaritsumarumsumaritum
Gen.sumarssumaritssumarssumarit

sunn(a)

wn.f. /sunː/, from ON sunna

  1. the sun (general usage)
  2. a sun (modern)
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.sunnsunitsunnsunitr
Acc.sunsunitsunsunit
Dat.sunsunitsunumsunitum
Gen.sunssunitssunssunit

The definitive and plural forms appeared recently and are mostly used in a context of astronomy. In everyday speech, only the singular indefinite form is used in order to refer to the sun. In written Eitlandic, Sunn is the sun, while sunn is a sun.

Sunsdag

sn.m. /sunsndaɣ/ , from ON sunnudagr

  1. Sunday, first day of the week

For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.

svar(a)

wv. /sβar/, from ON svara

  1. to reply, to answer

Declensions:

  • infinitive: svar
  • imperative: svar
  • imperative passive voice: svarask
  • present participle: svarand
  • past participle: svarit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s svararsvarirsvartsvarumk
2s svararsvarirsvartsvarðisk
3s svararsvarirsvartsvarðisk
1p svarumsvarimsvarumsvarumk
2p svariðsvariðsvaruðsvarðisk
3p svariðsvariðsvaruðsvarðisk

svart

adj. /sβɑrt/, from ON svartr

  1. black
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.svartrsvartt
Acc.svartsvartt
Dat.svartumsvartum
Gen.svartssvarts
Pl.Nom.svartarsvart
Acc.svartsvart
Dat.svartumsvartum
Gen.svartarsvartr

svá

/sβɛ̀/, from ON svá, see also þá

  1. conj. thus, therefore, then, consequently

    Used as a way to introduce consequences, generally more explicit than with þá. Ef is only followed by svá, never þá.

  2. adv. so, thus, thusly, this way

    Example

    • Ek ger þett svá.

      I do it this way

    • Han talt svá mjúklig

      She spoke so softly

svín

sn.n. /sβèn/, from ON svín

  1. a pig
  2. someone who is excessively greedy, gluttonous, or self-indulgent; a person who consumes or desires more than they need
  3. someone or something that is dirty, messy, or unkempt; a person or place characterised by disorder or filth
  4. someone who is very stubborn, obstinate, or difficult to persuade; a person who refuses to change their mind or behaviour
  5. a representation of indulgence, excess, or overabundance; a symbol of enjoying something to an extreme degree
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.svínsvínitsvínsvínitr
Acc.svínsvínitsvínsvínit
Dat.svínsvínitsvínumsvínitum
Gen.svínssvínitssvínssvínit

syng(ja)

wv. /syŋ/, from ON syngja

  1. to sing, to produce musical sounds with the voice
  2. to chant, to intone; to recite or utter in a melodic or rythmic manner, often in a ritual or ceremonial context

Declensions:

  • infinitive: syng
  • imperative: syng
  • imperative passive voice: syngask
  • present participle: syngand
  • past participle: syngit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s syngjarsyngirsyngtsyngjumk
2s syngjarsyngirsyngtsyngðisk
3s syngjarsyngirsyngtsyngðisk
1p syngjumsyngimsyngjumsyngjumk
2p syngiðsyngiðsyngjuðsyngðisk
3p syngiðsyngiðsyngjuðsyngðisk

syst

sn.f. /syʃt/, from ON systir

  1. sister
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.systrsystinnsystrsystinn
Acc.systsystinsystsystin
Dat.systsystinsystumsystinum
Gen.systirsystinssystirsystin

systirdótt(u)

sn.f. /ˈsyʃt.ir.ˌdɔ̀ʃː/, from syst and dótt(u)

  1. niece; the daughter of one’s sister

For decliensions, see dótt(u)

systirson

sn.m. /ˈsyʃt.ir.ˌson/, from syst and son

  1. nephew; the son of one’s sister

For declensions, see son

T

tak(a)

sv. /tɑk/

  1. to take, to seize
  2. to capture (figuratively)

Declensions:

  • infinitive: tak
  • imperative: tak
  • imperative passive voice: takask
  • present participle: takand
  • past participle: takit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s takartakirtakttakumk
2s takartakirtakttaksk
3s takartakirtakttakask
1p takumtakimtakumtakumk
2p takiðtakiðtakuðtakask
3p takiðtakiðtakuðtakask

tal(a)

Noun

wn.f. /tal/, from ON tala

  1. number, an abstract entity that represents a specific quantity
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.taltalattalltalatr
Acc.taltalattaltalat
Dat.taltalattalumtalatum
Gen.talstalatstalstalat

Verb

wv. /tal/, from ON tala

  1. to talk, to speak, to communicate using words
  2. to recite, to declaim, to speak or read aloud, especially in a formal or ceremonial context
  3. to express, to articulate, to convey thoughts or feelings through speech

With prepositions:

  • tal til: to talk to someone
  • tal um: to talk about
  • tal eftir: to retract a statement, to go back on one’s words
  • tal á málskipan: to speak a language

Declensions:

  • infinitive: tal
  • imperative: tal
  • imperative passive voice: talask
  • present participle: taland
  • past participle: talin
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s talartalirtalttalumk
2s talartalirtalttalðisk
3s talartalirtalttalðisk
1p talumtalimtalumtalumk
2p taliðtaliðtaluðtalðisk
3p taliðtaliðtaluðtalðisk

tarr(a)

sv. /tɑrː/

  1. to spread out

Declensions:

  • infinitive: tarr
  • imperative: tarr
  • imperative passive voice: tarrask
  • present participle: tarrand
  • past participle: tarrit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s tarrartarrirtarrttarrumk
2s tarrartarrirtarrttarrsk
3s tarrartarrirtarrttarrisk
1p tarrumtarrimtarrumtarrumk
2p tarriðtarriðtarruðtarrisk
3p tarriðtarriðtarruðtarrisk

tasik

sn.n. /tɑs.ek/, Tunrit borrowing

  1. lake
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.tasiktasikittasiktasikitr
Acc.tasiktasikittasiktasikit
Dat.tasiktasikittasikumtasikitum
Gen.tasikstasikitstasikstasikit

This term is interchangeable with vatn when it comes to its meaning as lake, but tasik is often seen as more poetic and can disambiguate the use of vatn.

tán

sn.f. /tɛ̀n/, from EON tǫnn

  1. tooth
  2. cog, gear; a tooth on a wheel or gear used to transmit motion
  3. tine, prong; a pointed projecion on an implement or tool
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.tánntáninntánntáninn
Acc.tántánintántánin
Dat.tántánintánumtáninum
Gen.tánartáninstánartánin

til

prep. /til/, from ON til

This preposition indicates direction, purpose, or destination towards something. It triggers the dative case.

  1. to, towards, used to indicate direction or destination, often with a sense of purpose or goal.

    Example

    • Hann fert til borgin

      He went to the city

    • Ek sendt brévit til vininum

      I sent the letter to friends

    Unlike að, til emphasizes more on the goal itself or the purpose of the action.

    Some dialects also simply prefer to use til rather than að.

  2. for, used to indicate the beneficiary or recipient of an action

    Example

    • Þett es gef til þér

      This is a gift for you

    • Ek gerð þett til stóð þér

      I did this to support you

  3. until, used to indicate a point in time up to which something happens

    Example

    Vár vinnum til verkit sé lokin

    We work until the work is finished

til ná

  1. adv. still

Tíbet

wn.n. /ˈtèbet/, borrowed from Danish Tibet

  1. Tibet
 Sg.
Nom.Tíbet
Acc.Tíbet
Dat.Tíbet
Gen.Tíbets

ton

wn.m. /ton/, from Middle Low German ton

  1. tune, tone
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.tontonittonntonitr
Acc.tontonittontonit
Dat.tontonittonumtonitum
Gen.tonstonitstonstonit

tonlist

wn.f. /tonliʃt/, from ton and list

  1. music

See list for declensions.

traust

adj. /trɔʃt/

  1. trusty, trustworthy, safe
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.traustrtraustt
Acc.trausttraustt
Dat.traustumtraustum
Gen.trauststrausts
Pl.Nom.traustartraust
Acc.trausttraust
Dat.traustumtraustum
Gen.traustartraustr

tren

wn.n. /tren/, from English train

  1. train
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.trentrenittrenntrenitr
Acc.trentrenittrentrenit
Dat.trentrenittrenumtrenitum
Gen.trenstrenitstrenstrenit

tung(a)

wn.f. /tuŋ/

  1. tongue (body part)

  2. language

  3. speech, utterance

    Exampde

    Han nott tung tungat henn vel.

    She used her speech well.

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.tungtungattungrtungatr
Acc.tungtungattungtungat
Dat.tungtungattungumtungatum
Gen.tungstungatstungstungat

týr

in.m. /tø̀r/, from ON týr

  1. god, divinity
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.týrtýrintívartýrinn
Acc.týtýrintívtýrin
Dat.tívtýrintívumtýrinum
Gen.týstýsinstívtýsin

Týr

pn. /tø̀r/, from ON Týr

  1. the god Týr
 Sg.
Nom.Týr
Acc.Tý
Dat.Tív
Gen.Týs

Týsdag

sn.m. /tø̀sdaɣ/, from ON týsdagr

  1. Tuesday, third day of the week

For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.

Þ

þá

conj. /θɛ̀/, from ON þá

  1. then, temporal continuity or implied consequence
  2. plural accusative form of sá

Example

Hann kœmt heim, þá lokt ok lást dyrin

He came home, then closed and locked the door

þegar

/θejar/, from ON þegar

  1. adv. already, at once
  2. conj. when

þess(i)

pron. /θesː/, from ON þessi

  1. this

See also sá

Þór

pn.m. /θɔ̀r/, from ON Þórr

  1. Thor
 Sg.
Nom.Þórr
Acc.Þór
Dat.Þór
Gen.Þórs

Þórsdag

sn.m. /θɔ̀rsdaɣ/, from ON þórsdagr

  1. Thursday, fifth day of the week

For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.

því

adv. /θwè/, from ON því

  1. because

U

ublun(a)

sn.f. /ub.lun/, probably a Tunrit borrowing

  1. cloudberry
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.ublunrublunannublunrublunann
Acc.ublunublunanublunublunan
Dat.ublunublunanublunumublunanum
Gen.ublunarublunansublunarublunan

um

prep. /um/, from ON um

  1. around
  2. about
  3. concerning (something)

Example

Hann es mannin um talt ek þér

He’s the guy I spoke to you about

han-nesmann-inumtal-tekþér
3sm-NOMto.be.3sg.PRES1s.NOMabout2s.DATspeak-1s.PSTabout

undir

adj. /undir/, from ON undir

  1. under, underneath, below

Can only be used with a dative noun phrase.

Example

Bókinn er undir borðitum.

bók-innerundirborð-itum
book-DEF.NOM.SG.Cbe.3sg.PRES.INDundertable-DEF.DAT.SG.N

The book is under the table

undirland

sn.n. /ˈundirˌland/, calque of English “underground” using undir and land

  1. underground, subway

See also metr(o)

See land for declensions.

universitet

wn.n. /oneˈβersetet/, from German Universität

  1. university

Alternative form: oneversetet

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.universitetuniversitetituniversitetruniversitetitr
Acc.universitetuniversitetituniversitetuniversitetit
Dat.universitetuniversitetituniversitetumuniversitetitum
Gen.universitetsuniversitetitsuniversitetsuniversitetit

uppá

prep. /ˈuɸːə̀/, from ON uppá

  1. upon

Alternative form: offá

Ú

úlf

sn.m. /òlv/, from ON úlfr

  1. wolf-dog. See also noregsúlfr.

Alternative form: olv

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.úlfrúlfinnúlfrúlfinn
Acc.úlfúlfinúlfúlfin
Dat.úlfúlfinúlfumúlfinum
Gen.úlfarúlfinsúlfarúlfin

V

varm

adj. /βarm/, from ON varmr

  1. warm, hot
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.varmrvarmt
Acc.varmvarmt
Dat.varmumvarmum
Gen.varmsvarms
Pl.Nom.varmarvarm
Acc.varmvarm
Dat.varmumvarmum
Gen.varmarvarmr

varn(a)

sv. /βɑrn/, from ON varna

  1. warn off

When used as to warn about smth, varn uses að.

Declensions:

  • infinitive: varn
  • imperative: varn
  • imperative passive voice: varnask
  • present participle: varnand
  • past participle: varnit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s varnarvarnirvarntvarnumk
2s varnarvarnirvarntvarnðisk
3s varnarvarnirvarntvarnðisk
1p varnumvarnimvarnumvarnumk
2p varniðvarniðvarnuðvarnðisk
3p varniðvarniðvarnuðvarnðisk

varnað

sn.m. /βɑrnɑð/, from varn(a)

  1. warning, caution
  2. advisory
  3. alert
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.varnaðrvarnaðinnvarnaðrvarnaðinn
Acc.varnaðvarnaðinvarnaðvarnaðin
Dat.varnaðvarnaðinvarnaðumvarnaðinum
Gen.varnaðarvarnaðinsvarnaðarvarnaðin

varp

sn.n. /βarp/, from verp

  1. casting, throwing
  2. projection
  3. colloquial a movie projection
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.varpvarpitvarpvarpitr
Acc.varpvarpitvarpvarpit
Dat.varpvarpitvarpumvarpitum
Gen.varpsvarpitsvarpsvarpit

vatn

sn.n. /βatn̩/, from ON vatn

  1. water

  2. lake; see also tasik

  3. a fluid or adaptable situation

  4. a deep, profound feeling or sensation

    Example

    Ástinn mínn er djúpt vatn

    My love is deep water, i.e. profound and intense

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.vatnvatnitvatnvatnitr
Acc.vatnvatnitvatnvatnit
Dat.vatnvatnitvatnumvatnitum
Gen.vatnsvatnitsvatnsvatnit

váð

wn.m. /βɛ̀ð/, from ON váði

  1. danger, peril
  2. hazard, risk
  3. threat, eg. he is a threat to society.
  4. warning, caution, eg. beware of dogs!
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.váðváðitváðrváðitr
Acc.váðváðitváðváðit
Dat.váðváðitváðumváðitum
Gen.váðsváðitsváðsváðit

ván

sn.f. /βɛ̀n/, from ON ván

  1. hope
  2. wish

Alternative form: vén

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.vánnváninnvánnváninn
Acc.vánváninvánvánin
Dat.vánváninvánumváninum
Gen.vánnváninsvánnvánin

ván(a)

iv. /βɛ̀n/, from ON vána

  1. to hope
  2. to wish for

Uses a dative for its second argument.

Alternative form: vén(a)

Declensions:

  • infinitive: ván
  • imperative: ván
  • imperative passive voice: vánask
  • present participle: vánand
  • past participle: vánit
person Ind. PresentSub. PresentPastPassive
1s vánnvánirvántvánumk
2s vánnvánirvántvándisk
3s vánnvánirvántvándisk
1p vánumvánimvánumvánumk
2p vániðvániðvánuðvándisk
3p vániðvániðvánuðvándisk

veð

sn.n. /βeð/, from ON veðr

  1. weather
  2. climate
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.veðveðitveðveðitr
Acc.veðveðitveðveðit
Dat.veðveðitveðumveðitum
Gen.veðsveðitsveðsveðit

vef

sm.n. /βef/, from ON vefr

  1. web (spiders’)
  2. web (textile)
  3. (definite only) the WorldWideWeb, the Internet
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.vefrvefinnvefrvefinn
Acc.vefvefinvefvefin
Dat.vefvefinvefumvefinum
Gen.vefarvefinsvefarvefin

vefsíð

wf.n. /ˈβefˌsèð/, from vef and síð(a)

  1. website
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.vefsíðvefsíðatvefsíðrvefsíðatr
Acc.vefsíðvefsíðatvefsíðvefsíðat
Dat.vefsíðvefsíðatvefsíðumvefsíðatum
Gen.vefsíðsvefsíðatsvefsíðsvefsíðat

veg

sn.m. /βeɣ/, from ON vegr

  1. path, way
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.vegr /βeɡr̩/veginnvegrveginn
Acc.veg /βeɣ/veginvegvegin
Dat.veg /βej/veginvegumveginum
Gen.vegar /βejɑr/veginsvegarvegin

veisheit

wn.f. /ˈβɑɪshɑɪt/, from German Weisheit, see also visk(a)

  1. knowledge or wisdom
  2. insight
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.veisheitveisheititveisheitrveisheititr
Acc.veisheitveisheititveisheitveisheitit
Dat.veisheitveisheititveisheitumveisheititum
Gen.veisheitsveisheititsveisheitsveisheitit

veit(a)

wv. /βɑɪt/, from ON veita

  1. to give, to provide, to transfer possession or control of something to someone
  2. to grant, to bestow, to confer or award something to someone
  3. to serve, to attend, to perform duties or services for someone

Declensions:

  • infinitive: veit
  • imperative: veit
  • imperative passive voice: veitask
  • present participle: veitand
  • past participle: veitit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s veitarveitirveittveitumk
2s veitarveitirveittveittisk
3s veitarveitirveittveittisk
1p veitumveitimveitumveitumk
2p veitiðveitiðveituðveittisk
3p veitiðveitiðveituðveittisk

veiting

sn.f. /ˈβɑɪtˌeŋ/, from veit(a) and -ing

  1. serving, provision, the act of providing or serving something, especially food or drink
  2. meal, dish, a prepared serving of food
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.veitingrveitinginnveitingrveitinginn
Acc.veitingveitinginveitingveitingin
Dat.veitingveitinginveitingumveitinginum
Gen.veitingarveitinginsveitingarveitingin

veitingstað

sn.m. /ˈβɑɪteŋˌʃtɑð/, from veiting and stað

  1. restaurant, dining place, an establishment where meals are served to customers

For declensions, see stað.

vel

adv. /βel/, from ON vel

  1. well; in a good or satisfactory manner

  2. easily

  3. thoroughly, completely; to a great extent or degree

  4. fortunately, luckily

    Example

    Vel kœmt hann með oss

    Fortunately, he came with us

  5. adj. well; in good health

    Example

    Han er vel.

    She is well.

Table 15: Declensions of vel as an adjective
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.velrvelt
Acc.velvelt
Dat.velumvelum
Gen.velsvels
Pl.Nom.velarvel
Acc.velvel
Dat.velumvelum
Gen.velarvelr

ver(a)

iv. /βer/, from ON vera

  1. to be
  2. active auxilliary

Declensions:

  • infinitive: ver
  • imperative: ves
  • present participle: verand
  • past participle: vest
 Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.Ind. PastSubj. Past
1semsévas/varvár
2sest/ertsérvast/vartvár
3ses/ersévas/varvár
1persévarvár
2peruðséðvarðvárið
3persévarvár

The distinction between est or ert and es or er is purely based on the dialect one speaks. In general, the est and es form is preferred in Ðeberget’s region, Fjalheim and other Northern parts of Eittland while ert and er is preferred everywhere else.

verk

sn.n. /βerk/, from ON verk

  1. work, the activities or tasks performed as part of one’s job or occupation
  2. task, a piece of work to be done or undertaken
  3. business, a commercial or industrial enterprise or activity
  4. project, a planned undertaking or endeavour, typically involving a series of tasks or activities aimed at achieving a specific goal
  5. a large or complex task or assignment
  6. a collaborative effort involving multiple participants
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.verkverkitverkverkitr
Acc.verkverkitverkverkit
Dat.verkverkitverkumverkitum
Gen.verksverkitsverksverkit

verp(a)

sv. /βerp/, from ON verpa

  1. to throw
  2. to cast (e.g. a movie)

Declensions:

  • infinitive: verp
  • imperative: verp
  • imperative passive voice: verpask
  • present participle: verpand
  • past participle: verpit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s verprverpirverptverpumk
2s verprverpirverptverpask
3s verprverpirverptverpask
1p verpumverpimverpumverpumk
2p verpiðverpiðverpuðverpask
3p verpiðverpiðverpuðverpask

vest

adv. /βeʃt/, from ON vestr

  1. West, westward

vetr

in.m. /βetr̩/, from ON vetr

  1. winter, the coldest season of the year, typically occuring from November to March in Eittland
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.vetrvetrinnvetrvetrinn
Acc.vetrvetrinvetrvetrin
Dat.vetrvetrinvetrumvetrinum
Gen.vetrarvetrinsvetrarvetrin

vél

sn.f. /βɛl/, from ON vél

  1. machine, craft
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.véllvélinnvéllvélinn
Acc.vélvélinvélvélin
Dat.vélvélinvélumvélinum
Gen.vélarvélinsvélarvélin

vétal(a)

wn.f. /ˈβɛ̀tal/, portemanteau of vél and tal(a)

  1. computer

See tal(a) for declensions.

vik(a)

wn.f. /βik/, from ON vika

  1. a week
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.vikvikatvikrvikatr
Acc.vikvikatvikvikat
Dat.vikvikatvikumvikatum
Gen.viksvikatsviksvikat

Days of the week

  1. Sunsdag
  2. Mánsdag
  3. Týsdag
  4. Óðinsdag
  5. Þórsdag
  6. Frídag
  7. Laurdag

vilja

iv. /βiʎ/, from ON vilja

  1. to want, to wish

Declensions:

  • infinitive: vilja
  • imperative: vilja
  • imperative passive voice: viljask
  • present participle: viljand
  • past participle: viljit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s vilvilviltvildumk
2s villvilvilirvildisk
3s villvilvilirvildisk
1p viljumvilimvildumvildumk
2p viliðviliðvilduðvildisk
3p viliðviliðvilduðvildisk

vin

sn.m. /βin/

  1. friend
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.vinnvininnvinnvininn
Acc.vinvininvinvinin
Dat.vinvininvinumvininum
Gen.vinarvininsvinarvinin

See also ilaɡ(a).

vinbú

wn.m. /ˈβinˌbò/

  1. pet
  2. roommate (derogatory)

For declensions, see bú.

vind

sn.m. /βind/, from ON vindr

  1. wind, the percepIble natural movement of the air, especially outdoors

  2. something that drives or influences change, progress, or movement; an unpredictable or dynamic force

    Example

    Hann er vindin aptr nemum mínum

    He is the wind behind my studies, i.e. he is the reason my studies go on

  3. information or news that spreads quickly and widely, often through infomal cannels; rumours or gossips

    Example

    • Vindinn er sandr eig

      The rumors are not true

    • Han hlert vindin um svá

      She heard the rumours about that

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.vindrvindinnvindrvindinn
Acc.vindvindinvindvindin
Dat.vindvindinvindumvindinum
Gen.vindarvindinsvindarvindin

vindker

wn.n. /ˈβind.ˌker/, from vind and ker

  1. sky, litt wind bassin
  2. atmosphere

For declensions, see ker.

vindaug(a)

wn.n. /ˈβindˌɔ̀j/, from vind and aug(a)

  1. window
 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.vindaugvindaugatvindaugvindaugatr
Acc.vindaugvindaugatvindaugvindaugat
Dat.vindaugvindaugatvindaugumvindaugatum
Gen.vindaugasvindaugatsvindaugasvindaugat

vinn(a)

wv. /βin/, from ON vinna

  1. to work, to labour, to engage in physical or mental activity in order to achieve a result or earn a living
  2. to win, to gain, to achieve victory or success in a competition or contest
  3. to gain, to obtain, to acquire something through effort or achievement

Declensions:

  • infinitive: vinn
  • imperative: vinn
  • imperative passive voice: vinnask
  • present participle: vinnand
  • past participle: vinnit
person Ind. Pres.Subj. Pres.PastPassive
1s vinnarvinnirvinntvinnumk
2s vinnarvinnirvinntvinnsk
3s vinnarvinnirvinntvinnask
1p vinnumvinnimvinnumvinnumk
2p vinniðvinniðvinnuðvinnask
3p vinniðvinniðvinnuðvinnask

vit

interj. /βit/

  1. question marker, see yes/no questions, probably from an inuit dialect.

visk(a)

wn.f. /βiʃk/, from ON vizka

  1. practical knowledge or wisdom, acquired from experience

See veisheit for a more general term for wisdow

 Sg.Def.Sg.Pl.Def.Pl.
Nom.viskviskitviskrviskitr
Acc.viskviskitviskviskit
Dat.viskviskitviskumviskitum
Gen.visksviskitsvisksviskit

Y

ynnlig

/ynːliɣ/, from ON ynniliga

  1. adv. cutely, lovely, adorably
  2. adj. cute, lovely, adorably
Table 16: Declension of ynnlig as an adjective
 CommonNeuter
Sg.Nom.ynnligrynnligt
Acc.ynnligynnligt
Dat.ynnligumynnligum
Gen.ynnligsynnligs
Pl.Nom.ynnligarynnlig
Acc.ynnligynnlig
Dat.ynnligumynnligum
Gen.ynnligarynnligr

Ý

Z

Ø

Œ

Œgir

pn. /ˈœjer/

  1. A mythical beast residing in the forests of the western Eittlandic fjords.

Alternative form: Œjer

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