Dictionary
Below you will find a simple Eittlandic to English dictionary. It uses some abbreviations you should keep in mind:
- acc: accusative
- adj: adjective
- adv: adverb
- art: article
- aux: auxiliary
- c: common
- comp: comparative
- conj: conjunction
- Dan: Danish
- dat: dative
- def: definite
- det: determiner
- Eng: English
- EON: Early Old Norse
- f: feminine
- gen: genitive
- Ger: German
- imp: imperative
- in: irregular noun
- ind: indicative
- interr: interrogative
- iv: irregular verb
- m: masculine
- mass: mass noun
- ME: Middle Eittlandic
- n: neuter
- neg: negative
- nom: nominal
- Nor: Norwegian (Nynork if no dialect is specified)
- num: numeral
- OE: Old Eittlandic
- OI: Old Icelandic
- ON: Old Norse
- pas: passive
- pl: plural
- pn: proper noun
- prep: preposition
- pret: preterite
- pron: pronoun
- sg: singular
- sn: strong noun
- stg: strong
- sv: strong verb
- Swe: Swedish
- wk: weak
- wn: weak noun
- wv: weak verb
Note that when a word is marked solely as masculine, feminine or neutral, it is a noun. Otherwise, another marker such as adj. should be added, for instance f.adj. for a feminine adjective.
All words are indexed by their spelling as determined by Standard Eittlandic, which roughly corresponds to the accusative of other dialects.
All words are indexed by a standardized traditional spelling, with occasionally their Standard Eittlandic spelling specified below in the word’s entry. Each noun has its declension presented to the reader as a guide to how it might generally look in dialects other than Standard Eittlandic. Other variations may exist from one dialect to another that are not presented here. For instance, while most Eittlandic dialects lost the ru part of the dat.pl. declention, going from férum to fém, some dialects in East Northern Eittland still retain the former form.
Letters in parenthesis are no longer used when writing Eittlandic but are still underlying vowels that can still affect the pronunciation of the word and its surroundings. For instance, dag can represent three forms of the word: dagr, dag and daga (the -r and -a are silent in Standard Eittlandic). The first form is pronounced /daɣ/ while the other two are pronounced /daj/. They can also represent grammatical cases which are no longer used in Standard Eittlandic, such as dagr. While it exists as is in several Eittlandic dialects, it doesn’t exist as dagr in Standard Eittlandic, only as dag. The underlying vowel also reappears when the word is used in its definite form. For instance, dagr becomes dagann due to the underlying -a in its accusative form dag(a) while fiskr becomes fiskinn (the «i» is added when no other underlying vowel can replace it). The definite form of a noun is indicated in its declension table.
A
að
prep. /ɑð/, from ON að
As a preposition, að generally indicates motion or direction towards something, or attachment to something. It can be translated as to, towards, or at.
(part.) to, used to indicate the infinitive form of a verb
Example
Han byrt að syng
She started to sing
to, towards, used to indicate direction or destination
Example
Hann fert að borgin
He went to the city
Ek sendt brévit að vinin
I sent the letter to friends
Unlike til, að emphasizes on the proximity towards the goal, or in the case of a movement (physical or metaphorical), of an approach of the goal.
Some dialects also prefer to use að rather than til.
at, in, used to indicate location or position
Example
Ek býr að þett húsit
I live in this house
Vár mœtumk að veitingstaðin
We met at the restaurant
on, upon, used to indicate contact or support
Example
Bókann liggjar að borðit
The book is next to the table
Hann sitjar að stólin
He sits down in the chair
af(i)
wn.m. /ɑf/, from ON afi
- grand-father
- old, elderly man
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | af | afit | afr | afitr |
Acc. | af | afit | af | afit |
Dat. | af | afit | afum | afitum |
Gen. | afs | afits | afs | afit |
akaluk
sn.m. /ˈɑk.ɑl.ok/, probably a Tunrit borrowing
- snow-capped mountain
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | akalukr | akalukinn | akalukr | akalukinn |
Acc. | akaluk | akalukin | akaluk | akalukin |
Dat. | akaluk | akalukin | akalukum | akalukinum |
Gen. | akalukar | akalukins | akalukar | akalukin |
See also fjall.
alf
wn.m. /ɑlf/
- power, might
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | alf | alfit | alfr | alfitr |
Acc. | alf | alfit | alf | alfit |
Dat. | alf | alfit | alfum | alfitum |
Gen. | alfs | alfits | alfs | alfit |
all
/ɑlː/, from ON allr
- indef.pron. all, everyone, everything
- adj.
all, whole or entire entity
Example
Allt húsit er litit.
The house is completely painted.
all-t hús-it er lit-it all-sg.n.NOM house.NOM-DEF to.be.3sg.pres to.paint-part.adj.sg.n.NOM all, complete group or set
Example
Allar bátinn er í hávnin.
All the boats are in the harbour.
all, full extent or duration
Example
Allar daginn var sólskinn.
All the days were sunny.
Allr daginn er varmr ná!
The whole day is warm, isn’t it?
all, quite, entirely, completely
Example
Svá er allt góðt!
It’s all good / alright!
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | allr | allt |
Acc. | all | allt |
Dat. | allum | allum |
Gen. | alls | alls |
Pl.Nom. | allar | all |
Acc. | all | all |
Dat. | allum | allum |
Gen. | allar | allr |
Alfshringinssagat
pn. /ˈɑlfs.ˌr̥iŋ.ins.ˌsɑj.ɑt/
- The Rings of Power
almen
adj. /ɑlmen/
- general, global
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | almenn | almenar |
Acc. | almenum | almenum |
Dat. | almen | almen |
Gen. | almen | almenar |
Pl.Nom. | almens | almens |
Acc. | almenum | almenum |
Dat. | alment | almen |
Gen. | alment | almenn |
angak
sn.m. /ˈɑŋɡ.ɑk/, a Tunrit-inherited word
- uncle; the brother of one’s parent, with a connotation of being an elder or respected figure
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | angakr | angakinn | angakr | angakinn |
Acc. | angak | angakin | angak | angakin |
Dat. | angak | angakin | angakum | angakinum |
Gen. | angakar | angakins | angakar | angakin |
annaman
sn.n. /ˈɑnː.ɑ.ˌmɑn/, from annar and man
- someone else
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | annaman | annamanit | annaman | annamanitr |
Acc. | annaman | annamanit | annaman | annamanit |
Dat. | annaman | annamanit | annamanum | annamanitum |
Gen. | annamans | annamanits | annamans | annamanit |
annar
/ɑnː.ɑr/
- other, different
amm(a)
wn.f. /ɑmː/, from ON amma
- grand-mother, granny
- old, elderly woman
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | amm | ammat | amm | ammatr |
Acc. | amm | ammat | amm | ammat |
Dat. | amm | ammat | ammum | ammatum |
Gen. | amms | ammats | amms | ammat |
aptr
adv., prep. /ɑɸtr̩/, from ON aptr
behind, in or to the rear of, at the back of
Example
Hann standt aptr húsit
He stood behind the house
after in time or sequence
Example
Ek kœmt hér aptr þér
I came here after you
supporting or backing someone or something
Example
Ek standar aptr þér
I stand behind you, i.e. I support you
lagging or falling behind in progress or development
Example
Hann er aptr í nem
He is behind his studies
arm
sn.m. /ɑrm/, from ON armr
- arm
- sleeve; the part of a garment that covers the arm
- branch; a secondary woody stem growing from the trunk or a bough of a tree
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | armr | arminn | armr | arminn |
Acc. | arm | armin | arm | armin |
Dat. | arm | armin | armum | arminum |
Gen. | armar | armins | armar | armin |
automobil
wn.n. /ˈɔtoˌmobel/, from Ancient Greek αὐτός and Latin mōbilis. See also bil
- car (motorcar, automobile), rarely used
See bil for declensions.
Á
á
Noun
sn.f. /ɛ̀/, from ON á
- river
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ár | ánn | ár | ánn |
Acc. | á | án | á | án |
Dat. | á | án | áum | ánum |
Gen. | ár | áns | ár | án |
Preposition
prep. /ɛ̀/, from ON á
As a preposition, á indicates a position or static location on a surface, in time, or in state. It generally triggers the accusative for temporal uses, while it triggers the dative for any other use.
on, upon, used to indicate position or location on a surface
Example
Bókann liggjar á borðit
The book is on the table
Hann sitjar á stólin
He sits on the chair
at, used to indicate a specific time or occasion
Example
Vár mœtumk á Óðinsdag
We met on Wednesday
in, within, used to indicate a state or condition
Example
Han es á far
She is on a journey
ábreið(a)
wn.f. /ɛ̀brɑɪð/, from ON ábreiða
- bed covering, cover, bedspread
- any kind of cloth used for beds
Alternative form: ébreið(a)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreiðr | ábreiðitr |
Acc. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreið | ábreiðit |
Dat. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreiðum | ábreiðitum |
Gen. | ábreiðs | ábreiðats | ábreiðar | ábreiðit |
áksl
sn.f. /ɑksl̩/, from EON áxl
- shoulder (anatomy)
- shoulder blade; the flat, triangular bone at the upper back part of the shoulder
- ridge of a mountain
- axle
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ákslr | ákslinn | ákslr | ákslinn |
Acc. | áksl | ákslin | áksl | ákslin |
Dat. | áksl | ákslin | ákslum | ákslinum |
Gen. | ákslar | ákslins | ákslar | ákslin |
áng
interj. /ɛŋ/, probably a Tunrit borrowing
- positive counter-factual, see the questions section of the grammar
See also náng.
Alternative form: éng
ást
sn.f. /ɛ̀ʃt/, from ON ást
- love, affection
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ástr | ástinn | ástr | ástinn |
Acc. | ást | ástin | ást | ástin |
Dat. | ást | ástin | ástum | ástinum |
Gen. | ástar | ástins | ástar | ástin |
áð
adv. /ɛ̀ð/, from ON áðr
- before, temporal precedence or higher priority
B
bak
sn.n. /bɑk/, from ON bak
- back; the rear part of the human body, extending from the neck to the buttocks
- rear, reverse; the side or part of something that is opposite the front
- support, backing; the part of something that provides strength or reinforcement from behind
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | bak | bakit | bak | bakitr |
Acc. | bak | bakit | bak | bakit |
Dat. | bak | bakit | bakum | bakitum |
Gen. | baks | bakits | baks | bakit |
barn
sn.n. /bɑrn/, from ON barn
- child
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | barn | barnit | barn | barnitr |
Acc. | barn | barnit | barn | barnit |
Dat. | barn | barnit | barnum | barnitum |
Gen. | barns | barnits | barns | barnit |
bát
sn.m. /bɛ̀t/, from ON bátr
- boat; a small vessel used for traveling on water
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | bátr | bátinn | bátr | bátinn |
Acc. | bát | bátin | bát | bátin |
Dat. | bát | bátin | bátum | bátinum |
Gen. | bátar | bátins | bátar | bátin |
ber(a)
sv. /ber/, from ON bera
- to transport or convey something from one place to another
- to hold and move something
- to endure, to tolerate; to withstand something difficult or painful
Declensions:
- infinitive: ber
- imperative: ber
- imperative passive voice: berask
- present participle: berand
- past participle: berit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | berar | berir | bert | berumk | |
2s | berar | berir | bert | bersk | |
3s | berar | berir | bert | berask | |
1p | berum | berim | berum | berumk | |
2p | berið | berið | beruð | berask | |
3p | berið | berið | beruð | berask |
bern
sn.m. /bern/, from EON bern
- bear
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | bernn | berninn | bernn | berninn |
Acc. | bern | bernin | bern | bernin |
Dat. | bern | bernin | bernum | berninum |
Gen. | bernar | bernins | bernar | bernin |
See also nanuk.
bil
wn.n. /βil/, shortened from of automobil
- car (motorcar, automobile)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | bil | bilit | bill | bilitr |
Acc. | bil | bilit | bil | bilit |
Dat. | bil | bilit | bilum | bilitum |
Gen. | bils | bilits | bils | bilit |
birt(i)
wn.f. /birt/, from ON birti
- brightness, the quality or state of giving off or reflecting light (see also ljós)
- clarity, the quality or state of being clear or easily understood
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | birt | birtit | birtr | birtitr |
Acc. | birt | birtit | birt | birtit |
Dat. | birt | birtit | birtum | birtitum |
Gen. | birts | birtits | birts | birtit |
bjálf(i)
wn.m. /βjɛ̀lf/, from ON bjálfi
- skin, fur (animals)
- skin (human’s, colloquial)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálfr | bjálfitr |
Acc. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálf | bjálfit |
Dat. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálfum | bjálfitum |
Gen. | bjálfs | bjálfits | bjálfs | bjálfit |
blá
adj. /blɛ̀/, from ON blár
- blue
- cold (colour)
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | blár | blát |
Acc. | blá | blát |
Dat. | blámum | blámum |
Gen. | blás | blás |
Pl.Nom. | blárar | blá |
Acc. | blá | blá |
Dat. | blámum | blámum |
Gen. | blárar | blár |
bleik
adj. /blɑɪk/, from ON bleikr
- pinkish yellow
- warm (colour)
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | bleikr | bleikar |
Acc. | bleikum | bleikum |
Dat. | bleik | bleik |
Gen. | bleik | bleikar |
Pl.Nom. | bleiks | bleiks |
Acc. | bleikum | bleikum |
Dat. | bleikt | bleik |
Gen. | bleikt | bleikr |
blóð
sn.n. /blɔ̀ð/, from ON blóð
blood; the red liquid that circulates in the veins and arteries of humans and other vertebrate animals
kinship, lineage; the relationship betweenpeople who share ancestors
Example
Vér eruð af sam blóð.
We are of the same blood/family/lineage.
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | blóð | blóðit | blóð | blóðitr |
Acc. | blóð | blóðit | blóð | blóðit |
Dat. | blóð | blóðit | blóðum | blóðitum |
Gen. | blóðs | blóðits | blóðs | blóðit |
borð
sn.n. /borð/
- table
- large plank
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | borð | borðit | borð | borðitr |
Acc. | borð | borðit | borð | borðit |
Dat. | borð | borðit | borðum | borðitum |
Gen. | borðs | borðits | borðs | borðit |
boðorð
sn.m. /boð.orð/
- a rule
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | boðorðr | boðorðinn | boðorðr | boðorðinn |
Acc. | boðorð | boðorðin | boðorð | boðorðin |
Dat. | boðorð | boðorðin | boðorðum | boðorðinum |
Gen. | boðorðar | boðorðins | boðorðar | boðorðin |
boðorðsman
sn.m. /ˈboð.orð.ˌmɑn/, from boðorð and man
- judge
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | boðorðsmann | boðorðsmaninn | boðorðsmann | boðorðsmaninn |
Acc. | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin |
Dat. | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin | boðorðsmanum | boðorðsmaninum |
Gen. | boðorðsmanar | boðorðsmanins | boðorðsmanar | boðorðsmanin |
borg
sn.f /borg/, from ON borg
- city
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | borgr | borginn | borgr | borginn |
Acc. | borg | borgin | borg | borgin |
Dat. | borg | borgin | borgum | borginum |
Gen. | borgar | borgins | borgar | borgin |
bráð
sn.m. /brɛ̀ð/
Alternative form: bréð
See bróð
brév
sn.n. /brɛ̀β/, from ON bréf
- letter, a written or printed communication, generally transported by post, especially when it is a fomal communication from one person or organisation to another
- episle, a formal or literary letter, especially one addressed to a specific audience or dealing with a particular subject
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | brév | brévit | brév | brévitr |
Acc. | brév | brévit | brév | brévit |
Dat. | brév | brévit | brévum | brévitum |
Gen. | brévs | brévits | brévs | brévit |
bróð(i)
sn.m. /brɔ̀ð/ , from ON bróðir
- brother, plural bráð
Re-analysis of ON bródir decomposed into bróð + -ir by popular etymology. Same goes for its former plural bráðir which got re-analyzed into bráð + -ir.
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | bróðr | bróðinn | bráðr | bráðinn |
Acc. | bróð | bróðin | bráð | bráðin |
Dat. | bróðir | bróðin | bráðir | bráðinum |
Gen. | bróð | bróðins | bráðum | bráðin |
bróðdótt(u)
sn.f. /ˈbrɔ̀ð.dɔ̀tː/, from bróð and dótt
- niece; the daughter of one’s brother
For decliensions, see dótt(u)
bróðson
sn.m. /ˈbrɔ̀ð.ˌson/, from bróð and son
- nephew; the son of one’s brother
For declensions, see son
brún
adj. /bròn/, from ON brúnn
- brown, dark red
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | brúnn | brúnt |
Acc. | brún | brúnt |
Dat. | brúnum | brúnum |
Gen. | brúns | brúns |
Pl.Nom. | brúnar | brún |
Acc. | brún | brún |
Dat. | brúnum | brúnum |
Gen. | brúnar | brúnn |
bók(a)
sn.f. /bɔ̀k/, from ON bók
- book, plural bøk
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | bókr | bókann | bøkr | bøkann |
Acc. | bók | bókan | bøk | bøkan |
Dat. | bókar | bókan | bøkar | bøkanum |
Gen. | bók | bókans | bøkum | bøkan |
bøk
sn.f. /bø̀k/
See bók
bú
wn.m. /bò/
- dweller
- general meaning of neighbour, can also mean someone living in the neighbourhood or in the same general area
See also grann(i) and nágrann(i)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | bú | búit | búr | búitr |
Acc. | bú | búit | bú | búit |
Dat. | bú | búit | búum | búitum |
Gen. | bús | búits | bús | búit |
bú(a)
wv. /bò/, from ON búa
- to live, to dwell, to reside or have one’s home in a prarticular place
- to inhabit, to occupy, to live or occupy a place as a resident
Declensions:
- infinitive: bú
- imperative: bú
- imperative passive voice: búask
- present participle: búand
- past participle: búit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | býr | búir | byt | búmk | |
2s | býr | búir | byt | búðisk | |
3s | býr | búir | byt | búðisk | |
1p | búm | búim | bym | búmk | |
2p | búið | búið | byð | búðisk | |
3p | búið | búið | byð | búðisk |
byr(ja)
wv. /byr/, from ON byrja
- to begin, to start, to initiate an action or event, often with a sense of informality or immediacy
- to commence, to initiate; to mark the start of something
Declensions:
- infinitive: byr
- imperative: byr
- imperative passive voice: byrjask
- present participle: byrjand
- past participle: byrit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | byrjar | byrir | byrt | byrjumk | |
2s | byrjar | byrir | byrt | byrtisk | |
3s | byrjar | byrir | byrt | byrtisk | |
1p | byrjum | byrim | byrjum | byrjumk | |
2p | byrið | byrið | byrjuð | byrtisk | |
3p | byrið | byrið | byrjuð | byrtisk |
C
D
dag
sn.m. /daɣ/, from ON dagr
- natural day
- day (unit of time), 24 hours
- í dag: today
- week day
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | dagr /daɡr̩/ | daginn | dagr | daginn |
Acc. | dag /daɣ/ | dagin | dag | dagin |
Dat. | dag /daj/ | dagin | dagum | daginum |
Gen. | dagar /dajar/ | dagins | dagar | dagin |
Due to the phonological evolution of Eittlandic, the pronunciaton of the final «g» of dag ends up differing even if the written form does not. As such, a guide is included in the declension table to help students remember how these different forms are pronounced.
dá-
prefix /ˌdɛ̀/, unknown etymology
- adjective intensifier, dáX is very X
djúp
adj. /ʒːòp/, from ON djúpr
- deep
- profound (figuratively)
Alternative form: djóp
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | djúpr | djúpt |
Acc. | djúp | djúpt |
Dat. | djúpum | djúpum |
Gen. | djúps | djúps |
Pl.Nom. | djúpar | djúp |
Acc. | djúp | djúp |
Dat. | djúpum | djúpum |
Gen. | djúpar | djúpr |
djúplig
adv. /ʒːòpleɣ/, from OE djúpr (see djúp) with OE suffix -ligr (see ON -ligr)
- deeply
- inherently
Alternative form: djópleg
dótt(u)
sn.f. /dɔ̀tː/, from ON dóttir
- daughter
See also panig
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | dóttr | dóttunn | dóttr | dóttunn |
Acc. | dótt | dóttun | dótt | dóttun |
Dat. | dótt | dóttun | dóttum | dóttunum |
Gen. | dóttur | dóttuns | dóttur | dóttun |
dyr
sn.f. /dyr/, from ON dyrr
- door
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | dyrr | dyrinn | dyrr | dyrinn |
Acc. | dyr | dyrin | dyr | dyrin |
Dat. | dyr | dyrin | dyrum | dyrinum |
Gen. | dyrar | dyrins | dyrar | dyrin |
dýn(a)
wn.f. /dø̀n/, from ON dýna
- mattress
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | dýn | dýnat | dýnn | dýnatr |
Acc. | dýn | dýnat | dýn | dýnat |
Dat. | dýn | dýnat | dýnum | dýnatum |
Gen. | dýns | dýnats | dýns | dýnat |
dýnsábreið(a)
wn.f. /dø̀ns.ɛ̀b.rɑɪð/, from dýn and ábreið
- blanket
Alternative form: dønsébreið(a)
See ábreið for declensions.
dýnskláð
wn.n. /ˈdø̀nʃˌklɛ̀ð/, from dýn(a) and kláð(i).
- pillow case, litt. “pillow clothes”
Alternative form: dǿnskléð
See kláð(i) for declensions.
dýr
sn.n. /dø̀r/, from ON dýr.
- animal
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | dýr | dýrit | dýr | dýritr |
Acc. | dýr | dýrit | dýr | dýrit |
Dat. | dýr | dýrit | dýrum | dýritum |
Gen. | dýrs | dýrits | dýrs | dýrit |
dýrgríp(a)
wn.f. /ˈdø̀r.ˌɡrèp/, from dýr and gríp(a)
predator; an animal that hunts and kills other animals for food
Example
Dýrgripat finnt fœð.
The predator found food/sustenance.
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | dýrgríp | dýrgrípat | dýrgrípr | dýrgrípatr |
Acc. | dýrgríp | dýrgrípat | dýrgríp | dýrgrípat |
Dat. | dýrgríp | dýrgrípat | dýrgrípum | dýrgrípatum |
Gen. | dýrgríps | dýrgrípats | dýrgríps | dýrgrípat |
dœtt(i)
sn.f. /dœ̀tː/, from ON dóttir
Plural of dótt(i).
Đ
E
edd(a)
wn.f. /edː/, from ON edda
- great grandmother
- female ancestor, beyond the grandmother
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | edd | eddann | eddr | eddann |
Acc. | edd | eddan | edd | eddan |
Dat. | eddas | eddan | eddam | eddanum |
Gen. | eddas | eddans | eddas | eddan |
eð
conj. /eð/, from ON eða
Dialectal variety of ell(a)
ef
adv. /ef/, from ON ef
- if, in case, in case that
Always followed by a conditional verbal phrase or a noun if speakers can infer the verbal phrase from it.
ei
Regional variation of eig.
eig(i)
adv. /ɑɪɣ/, in some regions /ɑɪ/ and written ei, from ON eigi
- not, negative marker of a verb
ein(n)
/ɑɪn/, from ON einn
- num.
- one (cardinal)
- adj.
- alone
- single
- pronoun.
- one
- a few, some (plural)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | einn | eininn | einn | eininn |
Acc. | ein | einin | ein | einin |
Dat. | ein | einin | einum | eininum |
Gen. | einar | einins | einar | einin |
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | einn | eitt |
Acc. | ein | eitt |
Dat. | einum | eitum |
Gen. | eins | eits |
Pl.Nom. | einar | eit |
Acc. | ein | eit |
Dat. | einum | eitum |
Gen. | einar | eitr |
einnig
adv. /ɑinːiɣ/, from ON einnig
also, too
Something is in addition to something that hwas already been said
likewise, similarly
Something is the same or similar to something that has already been said
Example
Ek málar Fransk, ok hann einnig
I speak French, and so does he.
moreover, furthermore
Introduce new but related information
Eittland
sn.n. /ɑɪʔlɑnd/, from OE neutral einn (alone, lonely), itself from ON einn, and ON land
- High Kingdom of Eittland
- island of Eittland
Sg. | |
---|---|
Nom. | Eittland |
Acc. | Eittland |
Dat. | Eittland |
Gen. | Eittlands |
ekt(a)
/ekt/, from ON ektar-
- adj. wedded
- wn.n. spouse
- wv. to marry
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | ektr | ektt |
Acc. | ekt | ektt |
Dat. | ektum | ektum |
Gen. | ekts | ekts |
Pl.Nom. | ektar | ekt |
Acc. | ekt | ekt |
Dat. | ektum | ektum |
Gen. | ektar | ektr |
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ekt | ektat | ektr | ektatr |
Acc. | ekt | ektat | ekt | ektat |
Dat. | ekt | ektat | ektum | ektatum |
Gen. | ekts | ektats | ekts | ektat |
Declensions:
- infinitive: ekt
- imperative: ekt
- imperative passive voice: ektask
- present participle: ektand
- past participle: ektit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | ektar | ektir | ekt | ektumk | |
2s | ektar | ektir | ekt | ekttisk | |
3s | ektar | ektir | ekt | ekttisk | |
1p | ektum | ektim | ektum | ektumk | |
2p | ektið | ektið | ektuð | ekttisk | |
3p | ektið | ektið | ektuð | ekttisk |
ektakon(a)
sn.f. /ˈekt.ɑ.ˌkon/, from ekt(a) and kon(a)
- wife
For declensions, see kon(a)
ektaman
sn.m. /ˈekt.ɑ.ˌmɑn/, from ekt(a) and man
- husband
For declensions, see man
eld
sn.m. /eld/, from ON eldr
fire, the phenomenon of combustion characterised by the emission of heat and light
passion, intensity, driving force, strong emotion or enthusiasm; intense feeling or desire; a powerful and motivating force
Example
Hann havir eld fyrir verkit hennum
He has great passion for his project
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | eldr | eldinn | eldr | eldinn |
Acc. | eld | eldin | eld | eldin |
Dat. | eld | eldin | eldum | eldinum |
Gen. | eldar | eldins | eldar | eldin |
ell(a)
/elː/, from ON ella, see also eð
- (adv.) else, or, otherwise
- (conj.) or
en
conj. /en/, from ON en. See also nem
- yet, still
- but (general purpose, links phrases as in English)
eng(i)
det. /eŋ/, from ein(n) and -(i)g
- no, not any
- any (after negative or comparative)
For the indefinite pronoun usage, see Indefinite pronouns (grammar)
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | eng | ekk |
Acc. | eng | ekk |
Dat. | engum | eng |
Gen. | engrar | enks |
Pl.Nom. | engar | eng |
Acc. | eng | eng |
Dat. | engum | engum |
Gen. | engr | engr |
engin
indef.pron. /eŋen/, from ON enginn
- no one, none
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | enginn | ekkert |
Acc. | engin | ekkert |
Dat. | engum | eng |
Gen. | engrar | engrar |
Pl.Nom. | engar | engin |
Acc. | engar | engin |
Dat. | engum | engum |
Gen. | engar | engar |
epil
wn.n. /ˈepel/, from ON epli
- apple
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | epil | epilit | epill | epilitr |
Acc. | epil | epilit | epil | epilit |
Dat. | epil | epilit | epilum | epilitum |
Gen. | epils | epilits | epils | epilit |
eptir
prep. /eɸter/, from ON eptir
after
afterwards
according to, based on
in search of, seeking for
Example
Ek em eptir Konung, kannuð ér sagja mér hvar es hann?
I’m looking for the King, can you tell me where he is?
ek em eptir konung 1s.NOM to.be.1s.PRES.IND after king kann-uð ér sagja mér hvar es han-n can-2p 2p.NOM to.tell 1s.DAT where to.be.3s.PRES.IND 3s.m-NOM
eptirdag
adv. /eɸterdɑj/, from eptir and dag (dative)
- tomorrow
enn
adv. /enː/, from ON enn
- yet
- still
et(a)
iv. /et/, from ON eta
- to eat
- to consume
- to burn fuel (generally fire)
Declensions:
- infinitive: et
- imperative: et
- imperative passive voice: etask
- present participle: etand
- past participle: etat
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | etar | etir | át | etumk | |
2s | etar | etir | át | esk | |
3s | etar | etir | át | esk | |
1p | etum | etim | átum | etimk | |
2p | etið | etið | átuð | etisk | |
3p | etið | etið | átuð | etisk |
eyr(a)
wn.n. /œʏr/, from ON eyra
ear
hearing; the sense or ability to perceive sound
attention, heed; the act of listening carefully
Example
Ek geft eyr hans.
I paid attention to him (litt. I gave him ears)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | eyr | eyrat | eyrr | eyratr |
Acc. | eyr | eyrat | eyr | eyrat |
Dat. | eyr | eyrat | eyrum | eyratum |
Gen. | eyrs | eyrats | eyrs | eyrat |
É
F
fað(i)
sn.m. /fað/, from ON faðir
- father, plural feð
Re-analysis of sg. faðir and pl. feðir as fað and feð respectively, each appended with a grammatical -r or -ir (which later got reduced to -r).
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | faðr | faðinn | feðr | feðinn |
Acc. | fað | faðin | feð | feðin |
Dat. | fað | faðin | feðum | feðinum |
Gen. | faðar | faðins | feðar | feðin |
faðarsyst
sn.f. /ˈfɑð.ɑr.ˌsyʃt/, from fað and syst
- aunt; the sister of one’s brother
For declensions, see syst.
See also móðirsyst.
far
sn.f. /fɑr/, from EON far
- journey, trip, an act of traveling from one place to another
- travel, the action of journeying, especially to distant places
- expedition, a journey undRtaken for a specific purpose, often involving exploration or research
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | farr | farinn | farr | farinn |
Acc. | far | farin | far | farin |
Dat. | far | farin | farum | farinum |
Gen. | farar | farins | farar | farin |
far(a)
iv. /fɑr/, from ON fara
- to go, to move, to proceed from one place to another
- to travel, to journey, to go from one place to another, especially over a considerable distance
- to transport, to convey, to move people or goods from one place to another
- to happen, to occur, to take place
Declensions:
- infinitive: far
- imperative: far
- imperative passive voice: farsk
- present participle: farand
- past participle: farit
person | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | ferar | ferir | fert | ferumk | |
2s | ferar | ferir | fert | ferisk | |
3s | ferar | ferir | fert | ferisk | |
1p | farum | farim | farum | farumk | |
2p | farið | farið | faruð | farask | |
3p | farið | farið | faruð | farask |
fár
adj. and indef.pron. /fɛ̀r/, from ON fár
- few, in small numbers
The pronoun is usually in its plural form while the singular form is reserved for the adjective.
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | fárr | fárt |
Acc. | fár | fárt |
Dat. | fárum | fárum |
Gen. | fárs | fárs |
Pl.Nom. | fárar | fár |
Acc. | fár | fár |
Dat. | fárum | fárum |
Gen. | fárar | fárr |
feð
sn.m. /feð/
See fað
ferð
sn.m. /ferð/, from EON ferðr
- fjord, a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs, typically formed by submerged glacial activity
- inlet, bay, a recess in the shoreline, often narrow and partly surrounded by land
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ferðr | ferðinn | ferðr | ferðinn |
Acc. | ferð | ferðin | ferð | ferðin |
Dat. | ferð | ferðin | ferðum | ferðinum |
Gen. | ferðar | ferðins | ferðar | ferðin |
fé
in.n.mass. /fɛ̀/, from ON fé
- wealth
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nom. | fé | fé |
Acc. | fé | fé |
Dat. | fé | fém |
Gen. | fés | fés |
fing
sn.m. /fiŋɡ/, from ON fingr
- finger
- digit; any of the digits of the hand, including the thumb
- pointer, indicator; something that points or directs attention to something else
- pointer (computer)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | fingr | finginn | fingr | finginn |
Acc. | fing | fingin | fing | fingin |
Dat. | fing | fingin | fingum | finginum |
Gen. | fingar | fingins | fingar | fingin |
finn(a)
wv. /finː/, from ON finna
- to find; to discover or perceive something by chance or search
- to find out or become aware of something through effort or investigation
Declensions:
- infinitive: finn
- imperative: finn
- imperative passive voice: finnask
- present participle: finnand
- past participle: finnit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | finnar | finnir | finnt | finnumk | |
2s | finnar | finnir | finnt | finndisk | |
3s | finnar | finnir | finnt | finndisk | |
1p | finnum | finnim | finnum | finnumk | |
2p | finnið | finnið | finnuð | finndisk | |
3p | finnið | finnið | finnuð | finndisk |
fisk
sn.m. /fiʃk/, from ON fiskr
- fish
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | fiskr | fiskinn | fiskr | fiskinn |
Acc. | fisk | fiskin | fisk | fiskin |
Dat. | fisk | fiskin | fiskum | fiskinum |
Gen. | fiskar | fiskins | fiskar | fiskin |
fjall
sn.n. /fjɑlː/, from ON fjall
- mountain
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | fjall | fjallit | fjall | fjallitr |
Acc. | fjall | fjallit | fjall | fjallit |
Dat. | fjall | fjallit | fjallum | fjallitum |
Gen. | fjalls | fjallits | fjalls | fjallit |
See also akaluk.
flekk
sn.m. /flek/, from ON flekkr
- spot, e.g. of colour
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | flekkr | flekkinn | flekkr | flekkinn |
Acc. | flekk | flekkin | flekk | flekkin |
Dat. | flekk | flekkin | flekkum | flekkinum |
Gen. | flekkar | flekkins | flekkar | flekkin |
fløyg(a)
iv. /flœʏj/, from EON fleuga
- to fly, to move through the air using wings or an aircraft
- to rush, to hurry, to move or act quickly
- to flee, to escape, to run away from danger or difficulty
Declensions:
- infinitive: fløyg
- imperative: fløyg
- imperative passive voice: fløygask
- present participle: fløygand
- past participle: fløygit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | flýgar | fløygir | fló | fløygumk | |
2s | flýgar | fløygir | fló | fløygsk | |
3s | flýgar | fløygir | fló | fløygisk | |
1p | fløygum | fløygim | flugum | fløygumk | |
2p | fløygið | fløygið | fluguð | fløygisk | |
3p | fløygið | fløygið | fluguð | fløygisk |
foreld
sn.m. /ˈfor.eld/, from ON foreldri
- parent
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | foreldr | foreldinn | foreldr | foreldinn |
Acc. | foreld | foreldin | foreld | foreldin |
Dat. | foreld | foreldin | foreldum | foreldinum |
Gen. | foreldir | foreldins | foreldir | foreldin |
Frídag
sn.m. /frèdɑɣ/, from EON fríadagr
- Friday, sixth day of the week
For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.
fogl
sn.m. /fogl̩/, from ON fugl
- bird
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | fugl | fuglinn | fugl | fuglinn |
Acc. | fugl | fuglin | fugl | fuglin |
Dat. | fugl | fuglin | fuglum | fuglinum |
Gen. | fuglar | fuglins | fuglar | fuglin |
fót
sn.m. /fɔ̀t/, from ON fótr
- foot
- base, foundation; the lowest part or support of something
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | fótr | fótinn | fótr | fótinn |
Acc. | fót | fótin | fót | fótin |
Dat. | fót | fótin | fótum | fótinum |
Gen. | fótar | fótins | fótar | fótin |
fœð
wn.f. /fœ̀ð/, from ON fæða
- food, nourishment; substance that provides nutrients for growth and maintenance; mostly used in the context of providing sustenance and nutrition, especially for animals; can refer to both human and animal food, with a focus on the nutritional aspect
Similarly to mat, while it is an uncountable noun, its plural form can be used to refer to different types of food.
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | fœð | fœðat | fœðr | fœðatr |
Acc. | fœð | fœðat | fœð | fœðat |
Dat. | fœð | fœðat | fœðum | fœðatum |
Gen. | fœðs | fœðats | fœðs | fœðat |
See also mat.
frjánd(i)
wn.m. /frjɛ̀nd/, from ON frændi
- uncle; the brother of one’s parent
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | frjánd | frjándit | frjándr | frjánditr |
Acc. | frjánd | frjándit | frjánd | frjándit |
Dat. | frjánd | frjándit | frjándum | frjánditum |
Gen. | frjánds | frjándits | frjánds | frjándit |
frjándkon(a)
sn.f. /ˈfrjɛ̀nd.ˌkon/, from frjánd and kon
- cousin; the child of one’s parent’s sibling (female)
For declensions, see kon(a).
See also ill (generic term for cousin) and frjándman (male cousin).
frjándman
sn.m. /ˈfrjɛ̀nd.ˌmɑn/, from frjánd and man
- cousin; the child of one’s parent’s sibling (male)
For declensions, see man.
See also ill (generic term for cousin) and frjándkon (female cousin).
fylgj(a)
wv. /fyʎ/, from ON fylgja
- to follow
- to stand with (metaphorically)
Declensions:
- infinitive: fylgja /fyʎ/
- imperative: fylgja /fyʎ/
- imperative passive voice: fylgjask
- present participle: fylgjand
- past participle: fylgjat
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylgjumk | |
2s | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk | |
3s | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk | |
1p | fylgjum | fylim | fylgjum | fylgjumk | |
2p | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk | |
3p | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk |
G
gamal
adj. /ˈjɑmɑl/, from ON gamall
- old, ancient
- old (age)
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | gamall | gamalar |
Acc. | gamalum | gamalum |
Dat. | gamal | gamal |
Gen. | gamal | gamalar |
Pl.Nom. | gamals | gamals |
Acc. | gamalum | gamalum |
Dat. | gamalt | gamal |
Gen. | gamalt | gamall |
gang(a)
iv. /jɑŋ/, from ON ganga
- to go, to walk, to move or travel on foot
- to proceed, to advance, to move forward or make progress
- to function, to open, to work or perform as intended
Declensions:
- infinitive: gang
- imperative: gakk
- imperative passive voice: gangask
- present participle: gangand
- past participle: genginn
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | gengar | gangir | gekk | gangumk | |
2s | gengar | gangir | gekk | gangsk | |
3s | gengar | gangir | gekk | gangask | |
1p | gangum | gangim | gangum | gangumk | |
2p | gangið | gangið | ganguð | gangask | |
3p | gangið | gangið | ganguð | gangask |
gauð
wn.f. /jɔð/, from ON gauð (a barking)
- a quarrel
- a heated debate (informal)
Alternative form: jauð
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | gauð | gauðit | gauðr | gauðitr |
Acc. | gauð | gauðit | gauð | gauðit |
Dat. | gauð | gauðit | gauðum | gauðitum |
Gen. | gauðs | gauðits | gauðs | gauðit |
gauð(a)
wv. /jɔð/, from Eittlandic gauð
- to have a quarrel
- to argue, have a heated debate (informal)
Alternative form: jauð
Declensions:
- infinitive: gauð
- imperative: gauð
- imperative passive voice: gauðask
- present participle: gauðand
- past participle: gauðin
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauðumk | |
2s | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauððisk | |
3s | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauððisk | |
1p | gauðum | gauðim | gauðum | gauðumk | |
2p | gauðið | gauðið | gauðuð | gauððisk | |
3p | gauðið | gauðið | gauðuð | gauððisk |
gef
sn.f. /jev/, from Early Old Norse gjef
- gift, present
Alternative form: jev
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | gefr | gefinn | gefr | gefinn |
Acc. | gef | gefin | gef | gefin |
Dat. | gef | gefin | gefum | gefinum |
Gen. | gefar | gefins | gefar | gefin |
gef(a)
wv. /jev/, from Early Old Norse gjef
to give; to transfer the possession of something to someone
Example
Ek geft henn bókan.
I gave her the book.
to provide, to supply; to make something available for use
Example
Hann gefr oss mat.
He provides us with food.
to cause, to bring about; to make something happen
Example
Han geft hanum sorg.
She caused him sorrow.
to yield, to produce; to generate a result or outcome
Declensions:
- infinitive: gef
- imperative: gef
- imperative passive voice: gefask
- present participle: gefand
- past participle: gefit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | gefar | gefir | geft | gefumk | |
2s | gefar | gefir | geft | gefdisk | |
3s | gefar | gefir | geft | gefdisk | |
1p | gefum | gefim | gefum | gefumk | |
2p | gefið | gefið | gefuð | gefdisk | |
3p | gefið | gefið | gefuð | gefdisk |
gegn
adv. /jeɡn̩/, from ON gegn
- against, opposing
Alternative form: jegn
geit
sn.f. /jɑɪt/, from ON geit
- she-goat
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | geitr | geitinn | geitr | geitinn |
Acc. | geit | geitin | geit | geitin |
Dat. | geit | geitin | geitum | geitinum |
Gen. | geitar | geitins | geitar | geitin |
See also haf
ger(a)
iv. /jer/, from ON göra
- to do, to make
- to act
Unlike its English counterpart to do, the Eittlandic verb ger(a) is not a modal verb.
Declensions:
- infinitive: ger
- imperative: ger
- imperative passive voice: gerask
- present participle: gerand
- past participle: gerð
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | ger | ger | gerð | gerumk | |
2s | gerar | gerir | gerðir | gerisk | |
3s | gerar | ger | gerðir | gerisk | |
1p | gerum | gerim | gerðum | gerumk | |
2p | gerið | gerið | gerðuð | gerisk | |
3p | ger | ger | gerð | gerisk |
gleym(a)
sv. /ɡløʏm/, from ON gleyma
- to forget
Alternative form: gløym
Declensions:
- infinitive: gleym
- imperative: gleym
- imperative passive voice: gleymsk
- present participle: gleymand
- past participle: gleymit
person | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymumk | |
2s | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask | |
3s | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask | |
1p | gleymum | gleymir | gleymum | gleymumk | |
2p | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask | |
3p | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask |
The verb gleym takes a dative instead of an accusative.
Example
Ek gleymr opt lykillinum
ek gleym-r opt lykill-inum 1s.NOM forget-1s.PRES often key-pl.DAT.DEF. I often forget the keys
Hann haft gleymt at far til borgin
hann haft gleymt at far til borg-in 3s.m.NOM have.3s.PST forget.3s.PST to.DAT go.INF to city-sg.DAT.DEF He forgot to go to the city.
goð
sn.n. /joð/, from ON goð
- monotheistic God, mainly Christian, but also Jewish and Muslim
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | goð | goðit | goð | goðitr |
Acc. | goð | goðit | goð | goðit |
Dat. | goð | goðit | goðum | goðitum |
Gen. | goðs | goðits | goðs | goðit |
góð
adj. /jɔ̀ð/, from ON góðr
- good
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | góðr | góðt |
Acc. | góð | góðt |
Dat. | góðum | góðum |
Gen. | góðs | góðs |
Pl.Nom. | góðar | góð |
Acc. | góð | góð |
Dat. | góðum | góðum |
Gen. | góðar | góðr |
grað(a)
wn.n. /ɡrɑð/, from Latin gradus
- degree (general)
- degree (scholar)
- degree (geometry)
- degree (temperature)
- grade (scholar)
- military rank
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | grað | graðat | graðr | graðatr |
Acc. | grað | graðat | grað | graðat |
Dat. | grað | graðat | graðum | graðatum |
Gen. | graðs | graðats | graðs | graðat |
grann(i)
wn.m. /ɡrɑnː/, from ON granni
- neighbour, someone who lives nearby
See also bú
grá
adj. /ɡrɛ̀/, from ON grár
- grey, silver (colour)
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | grár | grát |
Acc. | grá | grát |
Dat. | grámum | grámum |
Gen. | grás | grás |
Pl.Nom. | grárar | grá |
Acc. | grá | grá |
Dat. | grámum | grámum |
Gen. | grárar | grár |
gríp(a)
sv. /ɡrèp/, from grípa
to ɡrip, to ɡrab, to seize; to take hold of something firmly
Example
Ek grípt þat sterklig.
I gripped it stronlgy.
to grasp; to comprehend something mentally
Example
Ek grípt eig hvat sagja hann.
I did not grasp what he said.
Declensions:
- infinitive: gríp
- imperative: gríp
- imperative passive voice: grípask
- present participle: grípand
- past participle: grípit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | grípar | grípir | grípt | grípumk | |
2s | grípar | grípir | grípt | grípask | |
3s | grípar | grípir | grípt | grípask | |
1p | grípum | grípim | grípum | grípumk | |
2p | grípið | grípið | grípuð | grípask | |
3p | grípið | grípið | grípuð | grípask |
grœn
adj. /ɡrœ̀n/, from ON grǿnn
- green
- fresh
- hopeful, good, happy
- sn.m. Greenlander (derogatory)
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | grœnn | grœnt |
Acc. | grœn | grœnt |
Dat. | grœnum | grœnum |
Gen. | grœns | grœns |
Pl.Nom. | grœnar | grœn |
Acc. | grœn | grœn |
Dat. | grœnum | grœnum |
Gen. | grœnar | grœnn |
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | grœnn | grœninn | grœnn | grœninn |
Acc. | grœn | grœnin | grœn | grœnin |
Dat. | grœn | grœnin | grœnum | grœninum |
Gen. | grœnar | grœnins | grœnar | grœnin |
gul
/jul/, from ON gull
- sn.n. gold (uncountable, singular only)
- sn.n. jewelry (countable)
- adj. golden, yellow
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | gull | gult |
Acc. | gul | gult |
Dat. | gulum | gulum |
Gen. | guls | guls |
Pl.Nom. | gular | gul |
Acc. | gul | gul |
Dat. | gulum | gulum |
Gen. | gular | gull |
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | gul | gulit | gul | gulitr |
Acc. | gul | gulit | gul | gulit |
Dat. | gul | gulit | gulum | gulitum |
Gen. | guls | gulits | guls | gulit |
H
haf
sn.m. /hɑf/, from ON hafr
- he-goat
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hafr | hafinn | hafr | hafinn |
Acc. | haf | hafin | haf | hafin |
Dat. | haf | hafin | hafum | hafinum |
Gen. | hafar | hafins | hafar | hafin |
See also geit
hals
sn.m. /hɑls/, from ON hals
- neck
- throat
- narrow passage or strait; a narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hals | halsinn | hals | halsinn |
Acc. | hals | halsin | hals | halsin |
Dat. | hals | halsin | halsum | halsinum |
Gen. | halsar | halsins | halsar | halsin |
han
wn.m. /hɑn/, from ON hani
- a rooster, a cock (animal only)
- someone who is excessively proud, boastful, or self-important; a person who likes to show off or brag
- a representation of vigilance, alertness, or watchfulness; a symbol of being on guard or assertive
- (slightly dated) a representation of masculinity, virility, or male strength; a symbol of male dominance or prowess; used negatively by most native speakers that are not elderly
- (dated) someone who is a leader or a dominant figure in a group; a person who likes being in charge of and guiding others
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | han | hanit | hanr | hanitr |
Acc. | han | hanit | han | hanit |
Dat. | han | hanit | hanum | hanitum |
Gen. | hans | hanits | hans | hanit |
haust
sn.n. /hɔʃt/, from ON haust
- automn, fall, the season of the year following summer and preceding winter, typically occurring from September to November in Eittland
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | haust | haustit | haust | haustitr |
Acc. | haust | haustit | haust | haustit |
Dat. | haust | haustit | haustum | haustitum |
Gen. | hausts | haustits | hausts | haustit |
hav(a)
iv. /haβ/, from ON hafa
- to have; in some dialects, see also há
- stative auxilliary
Declensions:
- infinitive: hav
- imperative: hav (except 2p haft)
- imperative passive voice: hafsk (except 1p havumsk)
- present participle: havand
- past participle: hafr
Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hav | hav | haft | haft |
2s | havir | havir | haftir | haftir |
3s | havir | hav | haft | haft |
1p | havum | havim | haft | haft |
2p | haft | haft | haftuð | haftið |
3p | hav | hav | haft | haft |
Note that there is no difference between singular and plural when using hav(a) in the passive voice.
Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | havumk | havumk | havumk | heðumk |
2 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk |
3 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk |
há
iv. /hɛ̀/, from OE hav(a)
- to add, to put together, joining something to something else
- to include, to incorporate, to make something part of a whole
- (colloquial or dialects) to have, to possess, to be in ownership or control of something; see also hav(a)
Declensions:
- infinitive: há
- imperative: há
- imperative passive voice: hásk
- present participle: hánd
- past participle: háit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hár | háir | hát | hávumk | |
2s | hár | háir | hát | hásk | |
3s | hár | háir | hát | háisk | |
1p | hávum | háim | hávum | hávumk | |
2p | háið | háið | hávuð | háisk | |
3p | háið | háið | hávuð | háisk |
hánd
sn.f. /hɛ̀nd/, from EON hánd
- hand
- side,direction; a particular direction or orientation, often indicated by the left or right hand
- agency, involvment; the role or part played by someone in a particular situation
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hándr | hándinn | hándr | hándinn |
Acc. | hánd | hándin | hánd | hándin |
Dat. | hánd | hándin | hándum | hándinum |
Gen. | hándar | hándins | hándar | hándin |
hár
/hɛ̀r/, from ON hár
(sn.f.) excellence, distinction; the quality of being outstanding or extremely good
Example
Han havir hár í sér verkum
(sn.f.) majesty; the quality or dignity of being majestic
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hárr | hárinn | hárr | hárinn |
Acc. | hár | hárin | hár | hárin |
Dat. | hár | hárin | hárum | hárinum |
Gen. | hárar | hárins | hárar | hárin |
hás
adj. /hɛ̀s/, from EON háss
- white (hair colour)
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | háss | hást |
Acc. | hás | hást |
Dat. | hásum | hásum |
Gen. | háss | háss |
Pl.Nom. | hásar | hás |
Acc. | hás | hás |
Dat. | hásum | hásum |
Gen. | hásar | háss |
háv
adj. /hɛ̀β/
- tall, high
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | hár | hávt |
Acc. | háv | hávt |
Dat. | hávum | hávum |
Gen. | hávs | hávs |
Pl.Nom. | hávar | háv |
Acc. | háv | háv |
Dat. | hávum | hávum |
Gen. | hávar | hávr |
hávn
sn.f. /hɛ̀vn̩/
- haven, port, harbour
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hávnn | hávninn | hávnn | hávninn |
Acc. | hávn | hávnin | hávn | hávnin |
Dat. | hávn | hávnin | hávnum | hávninum |
Gen. | hávnar | hávnins | hávnar | hávnin |
hávuð
in.n. /hɛ̀βoð/, from ON hǫfuð
- head (body)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hávuð | hávuðit | hávuð | hávuðitr |
Acc. | hávuð | hávuðit | hávuð | hávuðit |
Dat. | háð | háðit | hávum | hávitum |
Gen. | háðs | háðits | háðs | háðit |
háðsdýn
wn.f. /ˈhɛ̀ðzˌdø̀n/, from hávuð and dýn(a)
- pillow, litt. “head-mattress”
See dýn(a) for declensions.
hef(ja)
sv. /hef/, from ON hefja
- to heave, lift, raise, move something upward
- to begin, to start, to initiate an action or event, often with a sense of formality or significance
- to elevate or raise the status or importance of something
- to remove or alleviate a burden or difficultyu
- to enhance or improve something
Declensions:
- infinitive: hef
- imperative: hef
- imperative passive voice: hefjask
- present participle: hefjand
- past participle: hefit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hefjar | hefir | heft | hefjumk | |
2s | hefjar | hefir | heft | heftisk | |
3s | hefjar | hefir | heft | heftisk | |
1p | hefjum | hefim | hefjum | hefjumk | |
2p | hefið | hefið | hefjuð | heftisk | |
3p | hefið | hefið | hefjuð | heftisk |
heim
/hɑɪm/
- sn.m. home
- adv. (at) home
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | heimr | heiminn | heimr | heiminn |
Acc. | heim | heimin | heim | heimin |
Dat. | heim | heimin | heimum | heiminum |
Gen. | heimar | heimins | heimar | heimin |
heils(a)
wn.f. /hɑ:ɪls/, from ON heilsa
- health
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | heils | heilsat | heilsr | heilsatr |
Acc. | heils | heilsat | heils | heilsat |
Dat. | heils | heilsat | heilsum | heilsatum |
Gen. | heilsas | heilsats | heilsas | heilsat |
her
wn.m. /her/, from Danish herr.
- lord
- Sir, title
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | her | herit | herr | heritr |
Acc. | her | herit | her | herit |
Dat. | her | herit | herum | heritum |
Gen. | hers | herits | hers | herit |
hest
sn.m. /heʃt/, from ON hestr
- horse (generic term)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hestr | hestinn | hestr | hestinn |
Acc. | hest | hestin | hest | hestin |
Dat. | hest | hestin | hestum | hestinum |
Gen. | hestar | hestins | hestar | hestin |
See also hros
himin
sn.m. /him.in/, from ON himinn
- sky (generic term)
- Christian heaven
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | himinn | himininn | himinn | himininn |
Acc. | himin | himinin | himin | himinin |
Dat. | himin | himinin | himinum | himininum |
Gen. | himinar | himinins | himinar | himinin |
historja
wn.f. /heʃtˈorjə/, from Latin historia
- history (school subject)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | historja | historjat | historjar | historjatr |
Acc. | historja | historjat | historja | historjat |
Dat. | historja | historjat | historjum | historjatum |
Gen. | historjas | historjats | historjas | historjat |
hjá
adj. /çɛ̀/, from ON hjá
- near, next to, by (physically and metaphorically)
- soon
- by (a book by this author)
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | hjár | hját |
Acc. | hjá | hját |
Dat. | hjámum | hjámum |
Gen. | hjás | hjás |
Pl.Nom. | hjárar | hjá |
Acc. | hjá | hjá |
Dat. | hjámum | hjámum |
Gen. | hjárar | hjár |
hjól
sn.n. /çɔ̀l/, from ON hjól
- wheel
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólitr |
Acc. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólit |
Dat. | hjól | hjólit | hjólum | hjólitum |
Gen. | hjóls | hjólits | hjóls | hjólit |
hlaup(a)
sv. /ɬɔp/, from ON hlaupa
- to run
- to rush (figuratively), to hurry
Declensions:
- infinitive: hlaup
- imperative: hlaup
- imperative passive voice: hlaupask
- present participle: hlaupand
- past participle: hlaupit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupumk | |
2s | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupask | |
3s | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupask | |
1p | hlaupum | hlaupim | hlaupum | hlaupumk | |
2p | hlaupið | hlaupið | hlaupuð | hlaupask | |
3p | hlaupið | hlaupið | hlaupuð | hlaupask |
hler(a)
sv. /ɬer/, from ON hlera
- to hear
- to eaves-drop (accidentaly)
Declensions:
- infinitive: hler
- imperative: hler
- imperative passive voice: hlerask (except 1p hlerumk)
- present participle: hlerand
- past participle: hlerit
person | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerumk | |
2s | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerask | |
3s | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerask | |
1p | hlerum | hlerim | hlerum | hlerumk | |
2p | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask | |
3p | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask |
Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following tíl if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See hlust(a).
hleð
sn.n. /ɬeð/, from EON hleða, see ON hljóð
- sound, noise, thing heard
- unintelligible speech or conversation
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hleð | hleðit | hleð | hleðitr |
Acc. | hleð | hleðit | hleð | hleðit |
Dat. | hleð | hleðit | hleðum | hleðitum |
Gen. | hleðs | hleðits | hleðs | hleðit |
hleð(a)
sv. /ɬeð/, from hleð
- to make a noise
- (colloquial) to speak in a manner inconvinencing other people around the speaker (e.g. loudly in a bus or on the train)
Declensions:
- infinitive: hleð
- imperative: hleð
- imperative passive voice: hleðsk
- present participle: hleðand
- past participle: hleðat
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðumk | |
2s | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðask | |
3s | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðask | |
1p | hleðum | hleðim | hleðum | hleðumk | |
2p | hleðið | hleðið | hleðuð | hleðask | |
3p | hleðið | hleðið | hleðuð | hleðask |
hlóð
wn.n. /l̥ɔð/, from ON hlóð
- hearth
- living room
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðr | hlóðitr |
Acc. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóð | hlóðit |
Dat. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðum | hlóðitum |
Gen. | hlóðs | hlóðits | hlóðs | hlóðit |
hlust(a)
wv. /ɬuʃt/, from ON hlusta
- to listen to
Declensions:
- infinitive: hlust
- imperative: hlust
- imperative passive voice: hlustask (except 1p hlustumk)
- present participle: hlustand
- past participle: hlustit
person | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlustumk | |
2s | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlusttask | |
3s | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlusttask | |
1p | hlustum | hlustim | hlustum | hlustumk | |
2p | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlusttask | |
3p | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlusttask |
Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following tíl if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See
Example
Han hlustr henn
He’s listening to her
Hlustr þú til hvat sagjar ek?
Are you listening to what I am saying?
Vér hlustum eigi
We did not listen
hneis(a)
wn.f. /n̥ɑ:ɪs/, from ON hneisa
- shame, disgrace, fear
- reclusion (out of shame or out of fear)
- social isolation
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hneis | hneisat | hneisr | hneisatr |
Acc. | hneis | hneisat | hneis | hneisat |
Dat. | hneis | hneisat | hneisum | hneisatum |
Gen. | hneisas | hneisats | hneisas | hneisat |
hneising
wn.n. /n̥ɑɪsinɡ/
- hermit
- (modern) shut-in, hikikomori
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingr | hneisingitr |
Acc. | hneising | hneisingit | hneising | hneisingit |
Dat. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingum | hneisingitum |
Gen. | hneisings | hneisingits | hneisings | hneisingit |
hnjós(a)
sv. /ɲ̥ɔ̀ːs/, from ON hnjósa
- to sneeze
Declensions:
- infinitive: hnjós
- imperative: hnjós
- imperative passive voice: hnjósask
- present participle: hnjósand
- past participle: hnjósit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósumk | |
2s | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósask | |
3s | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósask | |
1p | hnjósum | hnjósim | hnjósum | hnjósumk | |
2p | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask | |
3p | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask |
hóst
sn.m. /hɔ̀ʃt/, from ON hóstr
- lower part of the throat
- chest
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hóstr | hóstinn | hóstr | hóstinn |
Acc. | hóst | hóstin | hóst | hóstin |
Dat. | hóst | hóstin | hóstum | hóstinum |
Gen. | hóstar | hóstins | hóstar | hóstin |
hrifs
wn.n. /r̥ifs/, from ON hrifs
- assault, mugging
Alternative form: hrivs
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifsr | hrifsitr |
Acc. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifs | hrifsit |
Dat. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifsum | hrifsitum |
Gen. | hrifs | hrifsits | hrifs | hrifsit |
hring
sn.m. /r̥iŋ/, from ON hringr
- ring
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hringr | hringinn | hringr | hringinn |
Acc. | hring | hringin | hring | hringin |
Dat. | hring | hringin | hringum | hringinum |
Gen. | hringar | hringins | hringar | hringin |
Hringarherinssagat
pn. /ˈr̥iŋ.ɑr.ˌher.ens.ˌsɑj.ɑt/
- The Lord of the Rings, litt. The Story of the Lord of the Ring
hros
sn.n. /r̩os/, from ON hross
- horse; archaic, poetic word with a connotation of nobility, strength, or wilderness
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hros | hrosit | hros | hrositr |
Acc. | hros | hrosit | hros | hrosit |
Dat. | hros | hrosit | hrosum | hrositum |
Gen. | hross | hrosits | hross | hrosit |
See also hest
hug(a)
sv. /huɣ/
- to mind, to think
- to dwell on
- to meditate
Declensions:
- infinitive: hug
- imperative: hug
- imperative passive voice: hugask
- present participle: hugand
- past participle: hugit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugumk | |
2s | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugask | |
3s | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugask | |
1p | hugum | hugim | hugum | hugumk | |
2p | hugið | hugið | huguð | hugask | |
3p | hugið | hugið | huguð | hugask |
hugaleið(a)
wv. /ˌhujœˈlɑːɪð/, from hug(a) and leið(a)
- lead, guide spiritually or philosophically
- officiate a religious event
Declensions:
- infinitive: hugaleið
- imperative: hugaleið
- imperative passive voice: hugaleiðask
- present participhugale: hugaleiðand
- past participhugale: hugaleiðit
person | Ind Pres | Subj. Pres. | Past | Pass. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiðumk | |
2s | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiððisk | |
3s | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiððisk | |
1p | hugaleiðum | hugaleiðim | hugaleiðum | hugaleiðumk | |
2p | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk | |
3p | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk |
hund
sn.m. /hund/, from ON hundr
- dog
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hundr | hundinn | hundr | hundinn |
Acc. | hund | hundin | hund | hundin |
Dat. | hund | hundin | hundum | hundinum |
Gen. | hundar | hundins | hundar | hundin |
hús
sn.n. /hòs/, from ON hús
- house
- family
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hús | húsit | hús | húsitr |
Acc. | hús | húsit | hús | húsit |
Dat. | hús | húsit | húsum | húsitum |
Gen. | hús | húsits | hús | húsit |
hval
sn.m. /ʍɑl/, from ON hvalr
- whale
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hvall | hvalinn | hvall | hvalinn |
Acc. | hval | hvalin | hval | hvalin |
Dat. | hval | hvalin | hvalum | hvalinum |
Gen. | hvalar | hvalins | hvalar | hvalin |
hvar
pron. /ʍɑr/, from ON hvar
- where
Always in the dative case.
hvat
interr. /ʍɑt/, from ON hvat
- what
Sg. | |
---|---|
Nom. | hvat |
Acc. | hvat |
Dat. | hvat |
Gen. | hves |
hvenár
interr. /ʍen.ˈɛ̀r/, from ON hvenær
- when
hver
interr. and pron. /ʍer/, from ON hverr
- which, who
- every, every one, each
Sg. | |
---|---|
Nom. | hver |
Acc. | hven |
Dat. | hvem |
Gen. | hves |
When used in its every meaning, the following noun or noun phrase can be singular only. If the dialect still uses declensions, the noun will bear the genitive case while hver bears the original case. Can only be used with countable nouns.
Example
Ér hlustið til hver sagjar han
You’re listening to everything he/she says
Hver át epil mín?
Who / which one of you ate my apple?
hvernig
interr. /ˈʍern.eɣ/, from ON hvernig
- how, in what way
hversdag
/hvers.daɣ/, from hver and dag
- adj. daily, everyday
- adv. daily, everyday
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | hversdagr | hversdagt |
Acc. | hversdag | hversdagt |
Dat. | hversdagum | hversdagum |
Gen. | hversdags | hversdags |
Pl.Nom. | hversdagar | hversdag |
Acc. | hversdag | hversdag |
Dat. | hversdagum | hversdagum |
Gen. | hversdagar | hversdagr |
hví
adv. /ʍè/, from ON hví
- why
Alternative form: hve
hvíl(a)
wn.f. /ʍɛ̀l/, from ON hvíla
- bedroom
- family bed (dated)
Alternative form: hvel(a)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hvíl | hvílat | hvíll | hvílatr |
Acc. | hvíl | hvílat | hvíl | hvílat |
Dat. | hvíl | hvílat | hvílum | hvílatum |
Gen. | hvíls | hvílats | hvíls | hvílat |
hvílskláð(i)
wn.n. /ˈʍèlʃ.kˌlɛ̀ð/, from hvíl and kláð
- bedroom clothes, evening clothes
Alternative form: hvelskléð(i)
See kláð(i) for declensions.
hvít
adj. /ʍɛ̀t/, from ON hvítr
- white
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | hvítr | hvítt |
Acc. | hvít | hvítt |
Dat. | hvítum | hvítum |
Gen. | hvíts | hvíts |
Pl.Nom. | hvítar | hvít |
Acc. | hvít | hvít |
Dat. | hvítum | hvítum |
Gen. | hvítar | hvítr |
I
-ig(i)
suffix /iɣ/, from ON -gi
- negative, no, not
-ing
suffix /iŋ/, from ON -ing
forms nouns denoting actions, results, or products of the verb to which it is attached
forms nouns denoting a state or condition related to the verb
Example
- hav → having (possession, holding)
ikkí
interj. /ixːə/, probably a Tunrit borrowing
- How cold! Brr!
ilag(a)
wn.n. /ilɑj/, from Tunrit
- a close, non-familial friend, a trusted companion
- a member of one’s chosen family
This term emphasizes an emotional bond, whereas vin is the general term for friends or associates.
See also vin.
ilagaskap
sn.m. /ˈil.ɑj.ɑ.ˌʃkɑp/, from ilag(a) and skap
- close friendship, camaradery; a deep, affectionate bond between friends
For declensions, see skap.
ilaglig
adj. and adv. /il.ɑɡ.liɣ/, from ilag(a)
- friendly, affectionate, amicable
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | ilagligr | ilagligt |
Acc. | ilaglig | ilagligt |
Dat. | ilagligum | ilagligum |
Gen. | ilagligs | ilagligs |
Pl.Nom. | ilagligar | ilaglig |
Acc. | ilaglig | ilaglig |
Dat. | ilagligum | ilagligum |
Gen. | ilagligar | ilagligr |
ill(u)
sn.m. /ilː/, inherited for Tunrit
- cousin; the child of one’s parent’s sibling (male or female), with the connotation of being a close friend or companion
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ill | illut | ill | illutr |
Acc. | ill | illut | ill | illut |
Dat. | ill | illut | illum | illutum |
Gen. | ills | illuts | ills | illut |
See also frjándkon (female cousin) and frjándman (male cousin).
inhald
wn.n. /ˈinhald/, from ON innihald
- written content
- web page content
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | inhald | inhaldit | inhaldr | inhalditr |
Acc. | inhald | inhaldit | inhald | inhaldit |
Dat. | inhald | inhaldit | inhaldum | inhalditum |
Gen. | inhalds | inhaldits | inhalds | inhaldit |
iþat
adv. /iθat/, from OE eptir þat.
nevertheless, nonetheless
Introduces an unexpected continuation or a contrast
Internet
sn.f. /ent.ern.ˈet/, from English Internet
- Internet
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | Internetr | Internetinn | Internetr | Internetinn |
Acc. | Internet | Internetin | Internet | Internetin |
Dat. | Internet | Internetin | Internetum | Internetinum |
Gen. | Internetar | Internetins | Internetar | Internetin |
Í
í
prep. /è/, from ON í
Í indicates location or position inside something. When indicating a motion, the accusative is triggered, while the accusative is used when it indicates a location.
in, within, used to indicate location or position inside something
Example
Ek býr í þett húsit
I live in this house
Bókin er í skápin
The book is in the cabinet
into, used to indicate movement or direction into something
Example
Han gekk í húsit
She went to the house
Hann lítt í bilitum
He looked inside the cars
in, during, used to indicate a period of time
Example
Vár farum í sumarit
We traveled in the summR
ís
sn.m. /ès/, from ON íss
- ice
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | íss | ísinn | íss | ísinn |
Acc. | ís | ísin | ís | ísin |
Dat. | ís | ísin | ísum | ísinum |
Gen. | ísar | ísins | ísar | ísin |
J
jak
wn.n. /jak/, from Tibetan yak (གཡག).
- yak
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | yak | yakit | yakr | yakitr |
Acc. | yak | yakit | yak | yakit |
Dat. | yak | yakit | yakum | yakitum |
Gen. | yaks | yakits | yaks | yakit |
já
/jɛ̀/, from ON já
- adv. yes
- interj. yes (as an exclamation of joy)
K
kanik
sn.n. /kan.ek/, probably a Tunrit word
- cold, snowy rain; precipitation that falls as snow or a mix of rain and snow, typically in colder temperatures
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | kanik | kanikit | kanik | kanikitr |
Acc. | kanik | kanikit | kanik | kanikit |
Dat. | kanik | kanikit | kanikum | kanikitum |
Gen. | kaniks | kanikits | kaniks | kanikit |
See also regn
kanik(a)
wv. /kan.ek/, probably a Tunrit word
- to snow rain; for precipitation to fall as a mix of rain and snow; see kanik
Declensions:
- infinitive: kanik
- imperative: kanik
- imperative passive voice: kanikask
- present participle: kanikand
- past participle: kanikit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | kanikar | kanikir | kanikt | kanikumk | |
2s | kanikar | kanikir | kanikt | kanikaðisk | |
3s | kanikar | kanikir | kanikt | kanikaðisk | |
1p | kanikum | kanikim | kanikum | kanikumk | |
2p | kanikið | kanikið | kanikuð | kanikaðisk | |
3p | kanikið | kanikið | kanikuð | kanikaðisk |
kann
iv.mod. /kanː/, from ON kunna
- can
- to be able to
Note that, as a modal verb, kann is onli conjugated in a handful of tenses and moods
Declensions:
- infinitive: kann
person | Ind. Pres. | Past and Subj. Pres. | |
---|---|---|---|
1s | kann | kunn | |
2s | kannt | kunn | |
3s | kann | kunn | |
1p | kannum | kunnim | |
2p | kannuð | kunnið | |
3p | kann | kunn |
kaup
wn.n. /kɔp/, from ON kaup
- commerce
- bargain, barter
Alternative form: kóp
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | kaup | kaupit | kaupr | kaupitr |
Acc. | kaup | kaupit | kaup | kaupit |
Dat. | kaup | kaupit | kaupum | kaupitum |
Gen. | kaups | kaupits | kaups | kaupit |
kaup(a)
wv. /kɔp/, from ON kaupa
- to make business by selling goods, to do commerce
- to bargain, to barter
- to exchange
Declensions:
- infinitive: kaup
- imperative: kaup
- imperative passive voice: kaupask
- present participle: kaupand
- past participle: kaupit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | kaupar | kaupar | kaupar | kaupum | |
2s | kaupið | kaupið | kaupir | kaupir | |
3s | kaupir | kaupim | kaupið | kaupið | |
1p | kaupt | kaupt | kaupt | kaupum | |
2p | kaupuð | kaupuð | kaupumk | kaupisk | |
3p | kaupðisk | kaupumk | kaupðisk | kaupisk |
kájak
sn.m. /kɛ̀jɑk/, from Tunrit
- kayak; small boat, barque, genrally for one person
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | kajakr | kajakinn | kajakr | kajakinn |
Acc. | kajak | kajakin | kajak | kajakin |
Dat. | kajak | kajakin | kajakum | kajakinum |
Gen. | kajakar | kajakins | kajakar | kajakin |
káppok
adj. /kɛ̀ɸːok/, Tunrit borrowing
- peckish, a little hungry
Alternative form: kéffok
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | káppokr | káppokt |
Acc. | káppok | káppokt |
Dat. | káppokum | káppokum |
Gen. | káppoks | káppoks |
Pl.Nom. | káppokar | káppok |
Acc. | káppok | káppok |
Dat. | káppokum | káppokum |
Gen. | káppokar | káppokr |
kátt
sn.m. /kɛ̀t/, from ON kǫttr
- cat
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | káttr | káttinn | káttr | káttinn |
Acc. | kátt | káttin | kátt | káttin |
Dat. | kátt | káttin | káttum | káttinum |
Gen. | káttar | káttins | káttar | káttin |
kenn(a)
wv. /kenː/, from ON kenna
- to know, to recognize
- to teach, when the patient is a dative element
- to perceive, to sense
- to admit, to acknowledge when followed by an infinitive subordinate sentence
Declensions:
- infinitive: kenn
- imperative: kenn
- imperative passive voice: kennask
- present participle: kennand
- past participle: kennit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | kennar | kennir | kent | kennumk | |
2s | kennar | kennir | kent | kendisk | |
3s | kennar | kennir | kent | kendisk | |
1p | kennum | kennim | kennum | kennumk | |
2p | kennið | kennið | kennuð | kendisk | |
3p | kennið | kennið | kennuð | kendisk |
ker
wn.n. /ker/, from ON ker
- recipient, bassin
- vessel
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ker | kerit | kerr | keritr |
Acc. | ker | kerit | ker | kerit |
Dat. | ker | kerit | kerum | keritum |
Gen. | kers | kerits | kers | kerit |
kék
adj. /kɛ̀k/, Tunrit borrowing
- gray (hair colour)
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | kékr | kékt |
Acc. | kék | kékt |
Dat. | kékum | kékum |
Gen. | kéks | kéks |
Pl.Nom. | kékar | kék |
Acc. | kék | kék |
Dat. | kékum | kékum |
Gen. | kékar | kékr |
kept
sn.m. /keɸt/, from EON keptr
- jaw
- grip, hold; the act of grasping or seizing something with the jaws or mouth
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | keptr | keptinn | keptr | keptinn |
Acc. | kept | keptin | kept | keptin |
Dat. | kept | keptin | keptum | keptinum |
Gen. | keptar | keptins | keptar | keptin |
kláð(a)
sv. /klɛ̀ð/, from ON kláða
- to clothe
- to drape something
- to put cloth or clothes over something
Declensions:
- infinitive: kláð
- imperative: kláð
- imperative passive voice: kláðask
- present participle: kláðand
- past participle: klánit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðumk | |
2s | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðask | |
3s | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðask | |
1p | kláðum | kláðim | kláðum | kláðumk | |
2p | kláðið | kláðið | kláðuð | kláðask | |
3p | kláðið | kláðið | kláðuð | kláðask |
Example
Ek kláðr ná mik
I’m dressing up
Þú kláðt sáingin
You made the bed / you put the sheets on the bed
kláð(i)
wn.n. /ˈklɛ̀ð/, from ON klæði
- cloth
- thing that covers
- (pl) clothes
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | kláð | kláðit | kláðr | kláðitr |
Acc. | kláð | kláðit | kláð | kláðit |
Dat. | kláð | kláðit | kláðum | kláðitum |
Gen. | kláðs | kláðits | kláðs | kláðit |
kné
sn.n. /knɛ̀/, from ON kné
- knee (anatomy)
- bend, curve; a part where something is bent or curved
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | kné | knét | kné | knétr |
Acc. | kné | knét | kné | knét |
Dat. | kné | knét | kném | knétum |
Gen. | knés | knéts | knés | knét |
kom(a)
iv. /kom/, from ON koma
- to come
Declensions:
- infinitive: kom
- imperative: kom
- imperative passive voice: komask
- present participle: komand
- past participle: kominn
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømumk | |
2s | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømsk | |
3s | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømsk | |
1p | komum | komim | kómum | kómumk | |
2p | komið | komið | kómuð | kómsk | |
3p | komið | komið | kómuð | kómsk |
kon(a)
sn.f. /kon/, from ON kona
- woman
- wife (colloquial)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | konr | konann | konr | konann |
Acc. | kon | konan | kon | konan |
Dat. | kon | konan | konum | konanum |
Gen. | konar | konans | konar | konan |
Konung
sn.m. /ˈkon.oŋ/, from ON konungr
- king
Alternative form: Konong
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | Konungr | Konunginn | Konungr | Konunginn |
Acc. | Konung | Konungin | Konung | Konungin |
Dat. | Konung | Konungin | Konungum | Konunginum |
Gen. | Konungar | Konungins | Konungar | Konungin |
konunɡliɡ
/kon.oŋ.leɣ/, from konung and suffix -lig.
- adv. royaly
- adj. royal
Alternative form: kononglej
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | konungligr | konungligt |
Acc. | konunglig | konungligt |
Dat. | konungligum | konungligum |
Gen. | konungligs | konungligs |
Pl.Nom. | konungligar | konunglig |
Acc. | konunglig | konunglig |
Dat. | konungligum | konungligum |
Gen. | konungligar | konungligr |
krydd
sn.n. /kryd/, from ON krydd
- spice, a substance used to flavour or season food
- seasoning, the process of adding spices to food to enhance its flavour
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | krydd | kryddit | krydd | krydditr |
Acc. | krydd | kryddit | krydd | kryddit |
Dat. | krydd | kryddit | kryddum | krydditum |
Gen. | krydds | kryddits | krydds | kryddit |
kú
sn.f. /kò/, from ON kýr
- cow
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | kúr | kúnn | kúr | kúnn |
Acc. | kú | kún | kú | kún |
Dat. | kú | kún | kúm | kúnum |
Gen. | kúr | kúns | kúr | kún |
kúr(a)
sv. /kòr/, from ON kúra
- to nap (not in a bed or a rekkja)
Alternative form: kor(a)
Declensions:
- infinitive: kúr
- imperative: kúr
- imperative passive voice: kúrask
- present participle: kúrand
- past participle: kúrit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrumk | |
2s | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrðask | |
3s | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrðask | |
1p | kúrum | kúrim | kúrum | kúrumk | |
2p | kúrið | kúrið | kúruð | kúrðask | |
3p | kúrið | kúrið | kúruð | kúrðask |
L
land
sn.n. /lɑnd/, from ON land
- land
- country
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | land | landit | land | landitr |
Acc. | land | landit | land | landit |
Dat. | land | landit | landum | landitum |
Gen. | lands | landits | lands | landit |
lat
adj. /lɑt/, from ON https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#latr
- lazy
- with slow reaction time
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | latr | latt |
Acc. | lat | latt |
Dat. | latum | latum |
Gen. | lats | lats |
Pl.Nom. | latar | lat |
Acc. | lat | lat |
Dat. | latum | latum |
Gen. | latar | latr |
Laurdag
sn.m. /ˈlɔr.ˌdɑɣ/, from ON laugardagr
- Saturday, seventh day of the week
For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.
lág
sn.n. /lɛ̀ɣ/
- law, plural only
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | lág | lágit | lág | lágitr |
Acc. | lág | lágit | lág | lágit |
Dat. | lág | lágit | lágum | lágitum |
Gen. | lágs | lágits | lágs | lágit |
lágsman
sn.m. /ˈlɛ̀ɡsˌman/
- lawyer, attorney
For declensions, see man.
lás(a)
wv. /lɛ̀s/, from ON læsa
- to lock
- to shut (somewhat securely)
Declensions:
- infinitive: lás
- imperative: lás
- imperative passive voice: lásask
- present participle: lásand
- past participle: lásin
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | lásar | lásir | lást | lásumk | |
2s | lásar | lásir | lást | lástisk | |
3s | lásar | lásir | lást | lástisk | |
1p | lásum | lásim | lásum | lásumk | |
2p | lásið | lásið | lásuð | lástisk | |
3p | lásið | lásið | lásuð | lástisk |
leik
/lɑɪk/
- sn.f. plaything
- sn.m. game
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | leikr | leikinn | leikr | leikinn |
Acc. | leik | leikin | leik | leikin |
Dat. | leik | leikin | leikum | leikinum |
Gen. | leikar | leikins | leikar | leikin |
leik(a)
sv. /lɑɪk/
- to play
Declensions:
- infinitive: leik
- imperative: leik
- imperative passive voice: leikask
- present participle: leikand
- past participle: leikit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikumk | |
2s | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikask | |
3s | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikask | |
1p | leikum | leikim | leikum | leikumk | |
2p | leikið | leikið | leikuð | leikask | |
3p | leikið | leikið | leikuð | leikask |
leið(a)
wv. /lɑːɪð/, from ON leiða
- to lead, to show the way
- to drive (large transportation vehicles)
Declensions:
- infinitive: leið
- imperative: leið
- imperative passive voice: leiðask
- present participle: leiðand
- past participle: leiðit
person | Ind Pres | Subj. Pres. | Past | Pass. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiðumk | |
2s | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiððisk | |
3s | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiððisk | |
1p | leiðum | leiðim | leiðum | leiðumk | |
2p | leiðið | leiðið | leiðuð | leiððisk | |
3p | leiðið | leiðið | leiðuð | leiððisk |
legg
sn.m. /leɡ/, from ON leggr
- leg (anatomy)
- limb
- part of a journey or race; a stage or section of a trip
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | leggr | legginn | leggr | legginn |
Acc. | legg | leggin | legg | leggin |
Dat. | legg | leggin | leggum | legginum |
Gen. | leggar | leggins | leggar | leggin |
lent(e)
sn.f. /lent/, probable Tunrit borrowing
- spring, the season of the year following winter and preceding summer, typically occurring in Eittland from March to June
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | lentr | lentenn | lentr | lentenn |
Acc. | lent | lenten | lent | lenten |
Dat. | lent | lenten | lentum | lentenum |
Gen. | lenter | lentens | lenter | lenten |
les(a)
sv. /les/, from ON lesa
- to read
Declensions:
- infinitive: les
- imperative: les
- imperative passive voice: lesask
- present participle: lesand
- past participle: lesit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | lesar | lesir | lest | lesumk | |
2s | lesar | lesir | lest | lesask | |
3s | lesar | lesir | lest | lesask | |
1p | lesum | lesim | lesum | lesumk | |
2p | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask | |
3p | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask |
ligg(ja)
wv. /liɡ/, from ON liggja
- to lie, to be in a horizontal position, to rest or recline, especially on a surface
- to be situated, to be located, to occupy a particular place or position
Declensions:
- infinitive: ligg
- imperative: ligg
- imperative passive voice: liggask
- present participle: liggand
- past participle: liggit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | liggjar | liggir | lá | liggumk | |
2s | liggjar | liggir | lá | ligdisk | |
3s | liggjar | liggir | lá | ligdisk | |
1p | liggum | liggim | lággum | liggumk | |
2p | liggið | liggið | lágguð | ligdisk | |
3p | liggið | liggið | lágguð | ligdisk |
list
wn.f. /liʃt/, from ON list
- art, craft
- skill
Sg. | Pl. | |
---|---|---|
Nom. | list | listr |
Acc. | list | list |
Dat. | list | listum |
Gen. | lists | lists |
list(i)
sn.f. /liʃt/, from ON listi
- list
- catalogue
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | listr | listinn | listr | listinn |
Acc. | list | listin | list | listin |
Dat. | list | listin | listum | listinum |
Gen. | listir | listins | listir | listin |
listsmið
sn.m. /liʃtsmið/, from list and -smið
- craftsman, artist
For declensions, see -smið.
lit
sn.m. /lit/, from ON litr
- colour, hue
- shade, tint
- dye
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | litr | litinn | litr | litinn |
Acc. | lit | litin | lit | litin |
Dat. | lit | litin | litum | litinum |
Gen. | litar | litins | litar | litin |
lit(a)
wv. /lit/, from ON lita
- to colour
- to paint
- to dye
Declensions:
- infinitive: lit
- imperative: lit
- imperative passive voice: litask
- present participle: litand
- past participle: litit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | litar | litir | litt | litumk | |
2s | litar | litir | litt | littisk | |
3s | litar | litir | litt | littisk | |
1p | litum | litim | litum | litumk | |
2p | litið | litið | lituð | littisk | |
3p | litið | litið | lituð | littisk |
líf
sn.n. /lèv/, from ON líf
- life
- the period during which something is functional or durable
- a way or manner of living
- the state or fact of being alive
- vitality, energy, or spirit
Alternative form: lef
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | líf | lífit | líf | lífitr |
Acc. | líf | lífit | líf | lífit |
Dat. | líf | lífit | lífum | lífitum |
Gen. | lífs | lífits | lífs | lífit |
hav líf
- to be energetic
- to be enthusiastic, positive
lífsván
sn.f. /ˌlèfsˈvɛ̀n/, from líf and ván
- raison d’être
- life hope
- vocation, calling, mission
Alternative form: lefsvén
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | lífsvánn | lífsváninn | lífsvánn | lífsváninn |
Acc. | lífsván | lífsvánin | lífsván | lífsvánin |
Dat. | lífsván | lífsvánin | lífsvánum | lífsváninum |
Gen. | lífsvánn | lífsvánins | lífsvánn | lífsvánin |
lík(a)
/lèk/, from ON líka
(wv) to like
(adv) like, similar to
(adv) also
Example
Hann talar á Ensk og líka Fransk.
He speaks English and also French.
infinitive: lík
imperative: lík
imperative passive voice: lekask
present participle: lekand
past participle: lekit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | líkar | líkir | líkt | líkumk | |
2s | líkar | líkir | líkt | líktisk | |
3s | líkar | líkir | líkt | líktisk | |
1p | líkum | líkim | líkum | líkumk | |
2p | líkið | líkið | líkuð | líktisk | |
3p | líkið | líkið | líkuð | líktisk |
lít(a)
sv. /lèt/, from ON líta
- to look at, to behold, to see
Declensions:
- infinitive: lít
- imperative: lít
- imperative passive voice: lítask
- present participle: lítand
- past participle: lítit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítumk | |
2s | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítask | |
3s | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítask | |
1p | lítum | lítim | lítum | lítumk | |
2p | lítuð | lítið | lítuð | lítask | |
3p | lítuð | lítið | lítuð | lítask |
The semantic subject of the verb will always bear the dative case.
Example
Han lítt í húsit sín.
She looked at her house.
han | lít-t | í | hús-it | sín |
3sf.NOM | look-3s.PST.IND | at | house-DEF | oneself.GEN |
ljós
sn.n. /ljɔ̀s/, from ON ljós
- light, the natural agent that stimulates sight and makes things visible
- illumination, the act or process of supplying or distributing light
- brightness, the quality or state of being bright, used in scientific contexts, refering to the specific amount of brightness, see also birt(i)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ljós | ljósit | ljós | ljósitr |
Acc. | ljós | ljósit | ljós | ljósit |
Dat. | ljós | ljósit | ljósum | ljósitum |
Gen. | ljóss | ljósits | ljóss | ljósit |
lok(a)
sv. /lok/, from ON loka
to finish, to complete, to bring something to an end
Example
Hann lokt verkit
He finished the work
to close, to shut, to move something so that it covers or blocks an opening
Example
Han lokt dyrinn
She closed the door
to shut, to shut down
Example
Lokt þú vétalat?
Did you shut down the computer?
to lock, to secure something so that it cannot be opened without a key or special means
Example
Hann lokt dyrinn með lykilit
He locked the door with the key
Declensions:
- infinitive: lok
- imperative: lok
- imperative passive voice: lokask
- present participle: lokand
- past participle: lokin
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokumk | |
2s | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokask | |
3s | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokask | |
1p | lokum | lokim | lokum | lokumk | |
2p | lokið | lokið | lokuð | lokask | |
3p | lokið | lokið | lokuð | lokask |
*
lykil
wn.m. /lykil/, from ON lykill
- key (to a keyhole, to a lock,…)
- musical key
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | lykil | lykilit | lykill | lykilitr |
Acc. | lykil | lykilit | lykil | lykilit |
Dat. | lykil | lykilit | lykilum | lykilitum |
Gen. | lykils | lykilits | lykils | lykilit |
M
mag(i)
wn.m. /mɑɣ/, from ON magi
stomach (organ)
belly, abdomen
appetite, desire; a strong feeling of hunger or craving for food
Example
Ek hav mikil mag.
I have a big appetite.
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | mag | magit | magr | magitr |
Acc. | mag | magit | mag | magit |
Dat. | mag | magit | magum | magitum |
Gen. | mags | magits | mags | magit |
man
in.m. /mɑn/, from ON maðr
- man
- person
- husband (colloquial)
- interj. (colloquial) dude (indefinite accusative only)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | maðr | maðinn | meðr | meðinn |
Acc. | mann | mannin | menn | mennin |
Dat. | mann | mannin | mennum | menninum |
Gen. | manns | mannins | menns | mennin |
man(u)
iv. /mɑn/, from ON munu
auxilliary verb to express the future, will, shall
Example
Vér munum far til sjónvarphúsit ok eptirdag
We will go to the theatre tomorrow
will, shall, must
Example
Þú man les að bókan.
You will/must read the book.
polite conditional when used in the subjunctive
Example
Ef hann mynir kom…
If he comes…
likely conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the conditional mood
Declensions:
- infinitive: man
- imperative: mun
- present participle: munand
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1s | man | mynir | mynd | |
2s | man | mynir | mynd | |
3s | man | mynir | mynd | |
1p | munum | mynim | myndum | |
2p | munuð | mynið | mynduð | |
3p | munuð | mynið | mynduð |
mastergrað(a)
wn.n. /ˈmɑʃterˌɡrɑð/, from English Master and Middle Eittlandic graða (see grað(a))
- Master’s degree
See grað(a) for declensions.
maðr
Nominative of man
mál(a)
wv. /mɛ̀l/, from ON mæla
- to measure
- to determine a size or a quantity
- to estimate
Declensions:
- infinitive: mál
- imperative: mál
- imperative passive voice: málask
- present participle: máland
- past participle: málin
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | málar | málir | mált | málumk | |
2s | málar | málir | mált | málisk | |
3s | málar | málir | mált | málisk | |
1p | málum | málim | málum | málumk | |
2p | málið | málið | máluð | málisk | |
3p | málið | málið | máluð | málisk |
málskipan
sn.f. /ˈmɛ̀lˌʃkipɑn/, from ON mæla and OE skipan
- language (i.e. Eittlandic, English, Japanese…)
For its declensions, see skipan.
mán(i)
wn.m. /mɛ̀n/, from ON máni
- the moon
- a moon
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | mán | mánit | mánr | mánitr |
Acc. | mán | mánit | mán | mánit |
Dat. | mán | mánit | mánum | mánitum |
Gen. | máns | mánits | máns | mánit |
Like sól, the definite and plural form of mán are modern and generally used to refer to a moon in its astronomical sense. In general Eittlandic, Mán tends to more often means the moon. In written Eittlandic, mán generally means a moon, while Mán generally means the (Earth’s) moon.
mánsveg
sn.m. /mɛ̀ns.βeɣ/, from mán(i) and veg
- sky, with a connotation with space (litteraly moon’s way)
- stratosphere
For declensions, see veg
Mánsdag
sn.m. /mɛ̀nsdaɣ/ from ON mánadagr
- Monday, second day of the week
For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.
mat
sn.m. /mɑt/, from ON matr
- food; any substance that people or animals eat to live and grow; often used in the context of meals and the enjoyment of eating, especially for humans; typically refers to human food and the act of eating, with a focus on the culinary aspect
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | matr | matinn | matr | matinn |
Acc. | mat | matin | mat | matin |
Dat. | mat | matin | matum | matinum |
Gen. | matar | matins | matar | matin |
While this is an uncountable noun, its plural form can be used when referring to different types of food or meat.
Example
Han lítar í matin
She takes a look at the food
Han lítar í matinum
She takes a look at the different types of food
See also fœð.
metr(o)
wn.n. /metr/, from French “métro”
- subway, underground
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | metr | metrot | metror | metrotr |
Acc. | metr | metrot | metr | metrot |
Dat. | metr | metrot | metrum | metrotum |
Gen. | metros | metrots | metros | metrot |
See also undirland
með
adv. /með/
- with
- prefix with, co-smth. See
Meðkonung
sn.m. /meðˈkonoŋ/, see með and konung
- Co-King
Alternative form: Meðkonong
See Konung for declension.
mikil
adj. /mikil/, from ON mikill
- big, large; having considerable size or extent
- great, important; having significant value or influence
- much, a lot; a large amount or quantity
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | mikill | mikilt |
Acc. | mikil | mikilt |
Dat. | mikilum | mikilum |
Gen. | mikils | mikils |
Pl.Nom. | mikilar | mikil |
Acc. | mikil | mikil |
Dat. | mikilum | mikilum |
Gen. | mikilar | mikill |
mið
adj. /mið/, from ON miðr
- middle (physically and temporaly)
- midways
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | miðr | miðt |
Acc. | mið | miðt |
Dat. | miðum | miðum |
Gen. | miðs | miðs |
Pl.Nom. | miðar | mið |
Acc. | mið | mið |
Dat. | miðum | miðum |
Gen. | miðar | miðr |
mjúk
adj. /mjòk/, from ON mjúkr
- soft, gentle, soothing
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | mjúkr | mjúkt |
Acc. | mjúk | mjúkt |
Dat. | mjúkum | mjúkum |
Gen. | mjúks | mjúks |
Pl.Nom. | mjúkar | mjúk |
Acc. | mjúk | mjúk |
Dat. | mjúkum | mjúkum |
Gen. | mjúkar | mjúkr |
móð
sn.f. /mɔ̀ð/, from ON móðir, reanalized as móð + -ir
- mother
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | móðr | móðinn | mœðr | mœðinn |
Acc. | móð | móðin | mœð | mœðin |
Dat. | móð | móðin | mœðum | mœðinum |
Gen. | móðir | móðins | mœðir | mœðin |
móðirsyst
sn.f. /ˈmɔ̀ð.er.ˌsyʃt/, from móð and syst
- aunt; the sister of one’s mother
For declensions, see syst.
See also faðarsyst.
munn
sn.m. /munː/, from ON munnr
mouth
opening, entrance; a place where something begins or enters
speech, utterance; the act of speaking or expressing thoughts
Example
Hann opnt munn henn ok talt.
He opened his mouth and spoke.
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | munn | munninn | munn | munninn |
Acc. | munn | munnin | munn | munnin |
Dat. | munn | munnin | munnum | munninum |
Gen. | munnar | munnins | munnar | munnin |
mynd
sn.f. /mynd/
- image, picture
- video
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | myndr | myndinn | myndr | myndinn |
Acc. | mynd | myndin | mynd | myndin |
Dat. | mynd | myndin | myndum | myndinum |
Gen. | myndar | myndins | myndar | myndin |
myrgun
in.m. /ˈmyrɡun/, /mʏʁːʊn/ in some dialects, from ON myrgunn
- morning, aurora
In the Eittlandic culture, morning only lasts from the first lights of the day to the moment the sun is actually up in the sky, no longer bordering the horizon. It is then perfectly possible for Eittlanders to consider this is no longer morning at 9AM in the summer as the sun has already been up for some time by then.
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | myrgunn | myrninn | myrnar | myrnann |
Acc. | myrgun | myrnin | myrn | myrnan |
Dat. | myrn | myrnin | myrnum | myrnanum |
Gen. | myrnar | myrnins | myrnar | myrnan |
mœð
See móð
mœt(a)
wv. /mœ̀t/, from ON mǿta
- to meet, to encounter, to come together by chance or arrangement
Declensions:
- infinitive: mœt
- imperative: mœt
- imperative passive voice: mœtask
- present participle: mœtand
- past participle: mœtit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | mœtar | mœtir | mœtt | mœtumk | |
2s | mœtar | mœtir | mœtt | mœttisk | |
3s | mœtar | mœtir | mœtt | mœttisk | |
1p | mœtum | mœtim | mœtum | mœtumk | |
2p | mœtið | mœtið | mœtuð | mœttisk | |
3p | mœtið | mœtið | mœtuð | mœttisk |
N
nakt
adj. /nɑkt/
- naked
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | naktr | naktt |
Acc. | nakt | naktt |
Dat. | naktum | naktum |
Gen. | nakts | nakts |
Pl.Nom. | naktar | nakt |
Acc. | nakt | nakt |
Dat. | naktum | naktum |
Gen. | naktar | naktr |
nanuk
sn.m. /nɑn.ok/, Tunrit borrowing
- white bear; polar bear
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | nanukr | nanukinn | nanukr | nanukinn |
Acc. | nanuk | nanukin | nanuk | nanukin |
Dat. | nanuk | nanukin | nanukum | nanukinum |
Gen. | nanukar | nanukins | nanukar | nanukin |
See also bern.
ná
adv. /nɛ̀/, from ON ná
now
Example
Ná kømar ek frá universitetit.
I come from the university now.
intensifier, used at the end of sentences
Example
Ek kømar frá universitetit ná!
- I come from the university (you know)
or
- (I’ll have you know) I come from the university!
progressive marker when placed right after the verb
Example
Ek kømar ná frá universitetit.
I’m coming from the university.
Alternative form: né
adj. from ON nær
- near
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | nár | nát |
Acc. | ná | nát |
Dat. | námum | námum |
Gen. | nás | nás |
Pl.Nom. | nárar | ná |
Acc. | ná | ná |
Dat. | námum | námum |
Gen. | nárar | nár |
nágrann(i)
wn.m. /nɛ̀.ɡrɑnː/, from ná and grann(i)
- immediate neighbour, next door or next house over
See also bú
nákkur
indef.pron. /nɛ̀χor/, from EON nǫkkur
anyone, any
some, someone
Example
Nákkurr kœmt í dag
Someone came yesterday
See Indefinite pronouns (grammar) for more information on this indefinite pronoun.
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
---|---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | nákkurr | nákkur | nákkut |
Acc. | nákkur | nákkur | nákkut |
Dat. | nákkurum | nákkurr | nákkur |
Gen. | nákkurs | nákkurrar | nákkurs |
Pl.Nom | nákkurar | nákkurar | nákkur |
Acc. | nákkur | nákkur | nákkur |
Dat. | nákkurum | nákkurum | nákkurum |
Gen. | nákkurs | nákkurs | nákkurs |
náng
interj. /nɛŋ/, propably a Tunrit borrowing
- negative counter-factual, see the questions section of the grammar
See also áng.
Alternative form: néng
nef
sn.f. /nef/, from ON nef
- nose, beak; the protuding part of the face that bears the nostrils
- sense of smell; the ability to perceive odors
- front, prow; the forward-most part of an object, especially of a ship
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | nefr | nefinn | nefr | nefinn |
Acc. | nef | nefin | nef | nefin |
Dat. | nef | nefin | nefum | nefinum |
Gen. | nefar | nefins | nefar | nefin |
nei
/nɑɪ/, from ON nei
- (adv.) no
- (interj) no, as an exclamation of panic, regret
nem
/nem/, from ON nema, see also en
- conj. but (emphasis on counterfactual)
- adv. expect, save, but
- wn.n. studies, from nem(a)
- the act or process of learning or acquiring knowledge, especially through systematic investigation or instruction
- a particular field or subject of academic study
- a collection of academic research or investigations
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | nem | nemat | nemm | nematr |
Acc. | nem | nemat | nem | nemat |
Dat. | nem | nemat | nemum | nematum |
Gen. | nems | nemats | nems | nemat |
nem(a)
sv. /nem/, from ON nema
- to study, to apply oneself to the acquisition of knowledge, as by reading, inverstigation, or practice.
- to examine or investigate something closely
- to memorize or learn something by heart
- to be engaged in academic pursuits
Declensions:
- infinitive: nem
- imperative: nem
- imperative passive voice: nemask
- present participle: nemand
- past participle: nemit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | nemar | nemir | nemt | nemumk | |
2s | nemar | nemir | nemt | nemsk | |
3s | nemar | nemir | nemt | nemask | |
1p | nemum | nemim | nemum | nemumk | |
2p | nemið | nemið | nemuð | nemask | |
3p | nemið | nemið | nemuð | nemask |
nipt
sn.f. /niɸt/, from ON nipt
- niece; the daughter of one’s sibling
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | niptr | niptinn | niptr | niptinn |
Acc. | nipt | niptin | nipt | niptin |
Dat. | nipt | niptin | niptum | niptinum |
Gen. | niptar | niptins | niptar | niptin |
norvegsúlf
sn.m. /ˈnorβejsˌòlv/, from ON Noregs (genitive of ON Noregr) and ON úlfr
- wolf, litt. Norway’s wolf.
Alternative form: norvejsólv
Wolves do not naturally live in Eittland. Their only relatives introduced to the island were dogs and wolf-dogs, and the latter inherited the simpler úlfr term. Noun composed by Old Norse noregs (genitive of Noregr, Norway) and úlfr.
For declensions, see úlf.
not(a)
wv. /not/, from ON nota
- to use; to employ something for a purpose
- to utilize; to make practical use of something
- to consue; to expend something by using it
Declensions:
- infinitive: not
- imperative: not
- imperative passive voice: notask
- present participle: notand
- past participle: notit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | notar | notir | nott | notumk | |
2s | notar | notir | nott | nottisk | |
3s | notar | notir | nott | nottisk | |
1p | notum | notim | notum | notumk | |
2p | notið | notið | notuð | nottisk | |
3p | notið | notið | notuð | nottisk |
ný
adj. /nø̀/, from ON nýr
- new
- recent, new
- fresh
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | nýr | nýt |
Acc. | ný | nýt |
Dat. | nývum | nývum |
Gen. | nýs | nýs |
Pl.Nom. | nývar | ný |
Acc. | ný | ný |
Dat. | nývum | nývum |
Gen. | nývar | nýr |
O
ok
conj. /ok/, from ON ok
- and
ov
adv. /oβ/, from ON of
- too, excessively, to a degree or extent that is more than is necessary, acceptable, or desirable
- very, extremely, to a great degree or extent
Of can be used with adjectives, adverbs, and verbs to indicate excess or emphasis.
opin
adj. /ˈopin/, from ON opinn
- open
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | opinr | opint |
Acc. | opin | opint |
Dat. | opinum | opinum |
Gen. | opins | opins |
Pl.Nom. | opinar | opin |
Acc. | opin | opin |
Dat. | opinum | opinum |
Gen. | opinar | opinr |
opn(a)
sv. /opn̩/, from ON opna
- to open
Declensions:
- infinitive: opn
- imperative: opn
- imperative passive voice: opnask
- present participle: opnand
- past participle: opnit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnumk | |
2s | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnsk | |
3s | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnask | |
1p | opnum | opnim | opnum | opnumk | |
2p | opnið | opnið | opnuð | opnask | |
3p | opnið | opnið | opnuð | opnask |
opt
adv. /oɸt/, from ON opt
- often
Alternative form: oft
orð
sn.n. /orð/
- word, utterance
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | orð | orðit | orð | orðitr |
Acc. | orð | orðit | orð | orðit |
Dat. | orð | orðit | orðum | orðitum |
Gen. | orðs | orðits | orðs | orðit |
orðtak
wn.n. /ˈorðˌtɑk/, from orðtak(a)
- a quote
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtakr | orðtakitr |
Acc. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtak | orðtakit |
Dat. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtakum | orðtakitum |
Gen. | orðtaks | orðtakits | orðtaks | orðtakit |
orðtak(a)
sv. /ˈorðˌtɑk/, from orð and tak(a)
- to quote
Declensions:
- infinitive: orðtak
- imperative: orðtak
- imperative passive voice: orðtakask
- present participle: orðtakand
- past participle: orðtakit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtakumk | |
2s | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtaksk | |
3s | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtakisk | |
1p | orðtakum | orðtakim | orðtakum | orðtakumk | |
2p | orðtakið | orðtakið | orðtakuð | orðtakisk | |
3p | orðtakið | orðtakið | orðtakuð | orðtakisk |
Ó
ó-
prefix /ɔ̀/
Equivalent of English un…, not smth
Example
ótraust
unsafe
ótraust
adj. /ˌɔ̀ˈtrɔʃt/
- unsafe, not trustworthy
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | ótraustr | ótraustt |
Acc. | ótraust | ótraustt |
Dat. | ótraustum | ótraustum |
Gen. | ótrausts | ótrausts |
Pl.Nom. | ótraustar | ótraust |
Acc. | ótraust | ótraust |
Dat. | ótraustum | ótraustum |
Gen. | ótraustar | ótraustr |
Óðin
pn. /ɔðen/, from ON Óðinn
- Odin
Sg. | |
---|---|
Nom. | Óðinn |
Acc. | Óðin |
Dat. | Óðin |
Gen. | Óðins |
Óðinsdag
sn.m. /ɔð.ens.daɣ/, from ON óðinsdagr
- Wednesday, fourth day of the week
For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.
óglað
adj. /ˈɔ̀ɡʲœð/, from ON óglaðr
- very sad, depressed, miserable
Alternative form: ógjœð
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | óglaðr | óglaðt |
Acc. | óglað | óglaðt |
Dat. | óglaðum | óglaðum |
Gen. | óglaðs | óglaðs |
Pl.Nom. | óglaðar | óglað |
Acc. | óglað | óglað |
Dat. | óglaðum | óglaðum |
Gen. | óglaðar | óglaðr |
óss
sn.m. /ɔ̀sː/, from ON óss
- river mouth
- fjord mouth
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | óssr | óssinn | óssr | óssinn |
Acc. | óss | óssin | óss | óssin |
Dat. | óss | óssin | óssum | óssinum |
Gen. | óssar | óssinan | óssar | óssin |
óveð
sn.n. /ˌɔ̀β.ˈeð/, from ó- and veð
storm, tempest
Example
Óveð kœmt upp.
A storm arose.
For declensions, see veð.
óvin
sn.m. /ɔ̀β.en/, from ó- and vin
- enemy
For declensions, see vin
P
panig
sn.f. /ˈpɑn.eɣ/, likely from Tunrit. Compare to Greenlandic panik
- daughter, term of endearment
See also dótt(u)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | panikr | paniginn | panikr | paniginn |
Acc. | panig | panigin | panig | panigin |
Dat. | panig | panigin | panigum | paniginum |
Gen. | panigar | panigins | panigar | panigin |
park
wn.n. /pɑrk/, from French parc
- parc
- natural reserve
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | park | parkit | parkr | parkitr |
Acc. | park | parkit | park | parkit |
Dat. | park | parkit | parkum | parkitum |
Gen. | parks | parkits | parks | parkit |
pengvin
wn.n. /ˈpeŋβen/, from French pingouin through Danish pingvin
- penguin
Alternative form: pengven
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvinn | pengvinitr |
Acc. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvin | pengvinit |
Dat. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvinum | pengvinitum |
Gen. | pengvins | pengvinits | pengvins | pengvinit |
pos(i)
wn.n. /pos/, probably a Tunrit borrowing
- posi, Eittlandic seal
Alternative form: pos(e)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | pos | posit | posr | positr |
Acc. | pos | posit | pos | posit |
Dat. | pos | posit | posum | positum |
Gen. | poss | posits | poss | posit |
R
ras
sn.m. /rɑs/, from ON rass
buttocks, arse, ass
rear end, backside
(derogatory) ass; used to refer to someone in a derogatory or insulting manner
Example
Hann er ras.
He’s an ass.
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | rass | rasinn | rass | rasinn |
Acc. | ras | rasin | ras | rasin |
Dat. | ras | rasin | rasum | rasinum |
Gen. | rasar | rasins | rasar | rasin |
rauð
adj. /rɔð/, from ON rauðr
- red
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | rauðr | rauðt |
Acc. | rauð | rauðt |
Dat. | rauðum | rauðum |
Gen. | rauðs | rauðs |
Pl.Nom. | rauðar | rauð |
Acc. | rauð | rauð |
Dat. | rauðum | rauðum |
Gen. | rauðar | rauðr |
ráð
sn.n. /rɛ̀ð/
- advice, counsel
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ráð | ráðit | ráð | ráðitr |
Acc. | ráð | ráðit | ráð | ráðit |
Dat. | ráð | ráðit | ráðum | ráðitum |
Gen. | ráðs | ráðits | ráðs | ráðit |
ráðspell
sn.n. /ˈrɛ̀ðˌʃpelː/, from ráð and spell
- debate
See spell for declension.
ráðuneyt(i)
wn.m. /ˈrɛ̀ðoˌnœʏt/, from OI ráðuneyti
- Ministry
- department
Alternative form: réðoneyt
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytr | ráðuneytitr |
Acc. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit |
Dat. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytum | ráðuneytitum |
Gen. | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytits | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytit |
regn
sn.n. /reɡn̩/, from ON regn
- rain; water falling from the sky in drops, typically in liquid form and in warmer temperatures
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | regn | regnit | regn | regnitr |
Acc. | regn | regnit | regn | regnit |
Dat. | regn | regnit | regnum | regnitum |
Gen. | regns | regnits | regns | regnit |
regn(a)
wv. /reɡn̩/, from ON regn
- to rain; for water to fall from the sky in drops
Declensions:
- infinitive: regn
- imperative: regn
- imperative passive voice: regnask
- present participle: regnand
- past participle: regnit
Declensions:
- infinitive: regn
- imperative: regn
- imperative passive voice: regnask
- present participle: regnand
- past participle: regnit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | regnar | regnir | regnat | regnumk | |
2s | regnar | regnir | regnat | regnaðisk | |
3s | regnar | regnir | regnat | regnaðisk | |
1p | regnum | regnim | regnum | regnumk | |
2p | regnið | regnið | regnuð | regnaðisk | |
3p | regnið | regnið | regnuð | regnaðisk |
rekkja (noun)
wn.f. /rekxə/, from ON rekkja
- nap, siesta
- makeshift bed, napping bed
- object on which one can sleep, but whose main use is not necessarily that of a bed
It is not unusual to find in Eittland in workplaces a half mattress in a corner of a room or near a wall. They are usually used to nap, by sitting on them with one’s back against the wall or in a fœtal position. These can be found both in offices as well as on manual workers’ workplaces.
This practice is however slowly disappearing, especially in urban areas.
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkjar | rekkjatn |
Acc. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkja | rekkjat |
Dat. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkjum | rekkjatum |
Gen. | rekkjas | rekkjats | rekkjas | rekkjat |
rekkja (verb)
wv. /rexː/, from ON
- to nap in a bed
Declensions:
- infinitive: rekkja
- imperative: rekkja
- imperative passive voice: rekkjask
- present participle: rekkjand
- past participle: rekkjit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjumk | |
2s | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjaðisk | |
3s | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjaðisk | |
1p | rekkjum | rekkjim | rekkjum | rekkjumk | |
2p | rekkjið | rekkjið | rekkjuð | rekkjaðisk | |
3p | rekkjið | rekkjið | rekkjuð | rekkjaðisk |
rekkláð
wn.n. /ˈrekːˌlɛ̀ð/, from rekkja and kláð(i)
- pyjama, litt “napping clothes”
Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|
Nom. | rekkláðr | rekkláðitr |
Acc. | rekkláð | rekkláðit |
Dat. | rekkláðum | rekkláðitum |
Gen. | rekkláðs | rekkláðit |
rít(a)
sv. /rèt/, from ON ríta
- to write
Declensions:
- infinitive: rít
- imperative: rít
- imperative passive voice: rítask
- present participle: rítand
- past participle: rítit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | rítar | rítir | rítt | rítumk | |
2s | rítar | rítir | rítt | rítsk | |
3s | rítar | rítir | rítt | rítask | |
1p | rítum | rítim | rítum | rítumk | |
2p | rítið | rítið | rítuð | rítask | |
3p | rítið | rítið | rítuð | rítask |
rúm
sn.n. /ròm/
- room
- channel (as in an online app)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | rúm | rúmit | rúm | rúmitr |
Acc. | rúm | rúmit | rúm | rúmit |
Dat. | rúm | rúmit | rúmum | rúmitum |
Gen. | rúms | rúmits | rúms | rúmit |
rúmvin
sn.m. /ˈròmˌβin/, from rúm and vin
- roommate
For declensions, see vin
S
-smið
suffix /smið/
- -work
Forms strong masculine nouns
sag(a)
wn.f. /sɑj/, from ON saga
- story, tale, legend
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sag | sagat | sagar | sagatr |
Acc. | sag | sagat | sag | sagat |
Dat. | sag | sagat | sagum | sagatum |
Gen. | sags | sagats | sags | sagats |
sagj(a)
sv. /sɑj/, from ON sagja
- to say, to tell
- to proclaim, to declare
Declensions:
- infinitive: sagja
- imperative: sagja
- imperative passive voice: sagjask
- present participle: sagjand
- past participle: sagjat
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjumk | |
2s | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjask | |
3s | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjask | |
1p | sagjum | sagjim | sagjum | sagjumk | |
2p | sagjið | sagjið | sagjuð | sagjask | |
3p | sagjið | sagjið | sagjuð | sagjask |
sam
adj. /sɑm/, from ON samr
- same; identical, unchanged, or equal
- similar; having a likeness or resemblance
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | samr | samt |
Acc. | sam | samt |
Dat. | samum | samum |
Gen. | sams | sams |
Pl.Nom. | samar | sam |
Acc. | sam | sam |
Dat. | samum | samum |
Gen. | samar | samr |
samrekkja
wv. /ˈsɑmˌrekxə/, from rekkja
- sleep with someone
- to have sex with someone (euphemism)
See rekkja for conjugaison.
sand
sn.m. /sɑnd/, from ON sandr
- sand
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sandr | sandinn | sandr | sandinn |
Acc. | sand | sandin | sand | sandin |
Dat. | sand | sandin | sandum | sandinum |
Gen. | sandar | sandins | sandar | sandin |
sann
adj. /sɑnː/, from ON sannr
- true
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | sann | satt |
Acc. | sann | satt |
Dat. | sannum | sannum |
Gen. | sanns | sanns |
Pl.Nom. | sannar | sann |
Acc. | sann | sann |
Dat. | sannum | sannum |
Gen. | sannar | sannr |
sauð
sn.m. /sɔð/, from ON sauðr
sheep
a crowd or flock; a large gathering of people, often moving or behaving in a similar manner
a source of comfort or warmth, something that provides comfort, warmth, or a sense of security; a soothing or comforting presence
Example
Han es sauðin í lífit mínt
She is the sheep in my life; she is a source of comfort and warmth
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sauðr | sauðinn | sauðr | sauðinn |
Acc. | sauð | sauðin | sauð | sauðin |
Dat. | sauð | sauðin | sauðum | sauðinum |
Gen. | sauðar | sauðins | sauðar | sauðin |
sá
/sɛ̀/
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | sá | þat |
Acc. | sann | þat |
Dat. | þeim | þí |
Gen. | þess | þess |
Pl.Nom. | þeir | þau |
Acc. | þá | þau |
Dat. | þeim | þeim |
Gen. | þeir | þeir |
sáing
sn.f. /ˈsɛ̀jŋ/, from ON sæing
- bed
Alternative form: séing
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sáingr | sáinginn | sáingr | sáinginn |
Acc. | sáing | sáingin | sáing | sáingin |
Dat. | sáing | sáingin | sáingum | sáinginum |
Gen. | sáingar | sáingins | sáingar | sáingin |
sáingkláð
wn.n. /ˈsɛ̀jnˌklɛ̀ð/, from sáing and kláð
- bed sheets, litt. “bed clothes”
Alternative form: séingkléð
See kláð for declensions.
sem
/sem/, from ON sem
pron. who, which, that (relative pronoun)
Example
Maðinn sem talar er bróðin mín.
The man who is speaking is my brother.
conj.
(comparative) how, as, like, in the way that
Used as a conjunction to introduce a comparative clause
Example
Hann svart sem hann vilir.
He replied the way he wanted.
Ek er eig svá hár sem þú.
I am not as tall as you.
(temporal) when, while
When used as a conjunction, can introduce a temporal clause
Example
Sem ek vas lesand, ek sovnt.
While I was reading, I fell asleep.
(causal) since, because
Introduces a causal clause
Example
Sem ek vas sjúkr, kœmt ek eig.
Since I was sick, I didn’t come.
send(a)
wv. /send/, from ON senda
to send, to dispatch, to cause something to be taken or transmitted to another location or person
Example
Ek sendt brévit
I sent the letter
to emit, to transmit, to give off or release something, such as light, sound, or a signal
Declensions:
- infinitive: send
- imperative: send
- imperative passive voice: sendask
- present participle: sendand
- past participle: sendit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | sendar | sendir | sendt | sendumk | |
2s | sendar | sendir | sendt | senðisk | |
3s | sendar | sendir | sendt | senðisk | |
1p | sendum | sendim | sendum | sendumk | |
2p | sendið | sendið | senduð | senðisk | |
3p | sendið | sendið | senduð | senðisk |
sél
adj. /sɛ̀l/, from EON séll
- happy, blessed
- fortunate, lucky
- prosperous, thriving; experiencing success and good fortune
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | sélr | sélt |
Acc. | sél | sélt |
Dat. | sélum | sélum |
Gen. | séls | séls |
Pl.Nom. | sélar | sél |
Acc. | sél | sél |
Dat. | sélum | sélum |
Gen. | sélar | sélr |
sit(ja)
iv. /sit/, from ON sitja
- to sit
- to represent (politics)
Declensions:
- infinitive: sit
- imperative: sit
- imperative passive voice: sitask
- present participle: sitjand
- past participle: sitit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjumk | |
2s | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjask | |
3s | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjask | |
1p | sitjum | sitim | setum | sitjumk | |
2p | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask | |
3p | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask |
síð(a)
wf.n. /sèð/, from ON síða
- side (of something)
- side, direction
- site, location (often figurative)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | síð | síðat | síðr | síðatr |
Acc. | síð | síðat | síð | síðat |
Dat. | síð | síðat | síðum | síðatum |
Gen. | síðs | síðats | síðs | síðat |
síðan
adv. /sèðɑn/, from ON
- after, temporal posteriority or lesser priority
sjá
sn.m. /ʃɛ̀/, from ON sær
- sea; a large body of salt water that covers a significant part of the Earth’s surface
- ocean; one of the five large bodies of water that cover the Earth
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sjár | sjánn | sjár | sjánn |
Acc. | sjá | sján | sjá | sján |
Dat. | sjá | sján | sjám | sjánum |
Gen. | sjár | sjáns | sjáar | sján |
sjá
iv. /ʃɛ̀/, from ON sjá
- to see
- to understand
Alternative form: sjé
Declensions:
- infinitive: sjá
- imperative: sjá
- imperative passive voice: sjásk
- present participle: sjánd
- past participle: sját
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | sér | sjár | sját | sjúmk | |
2s | sér | sjár | sját | sjásk | |
3s | sér | sjár | sját | sjásk | |
1p | sjam | sjám | sjátum | sjúmk | |
2p | sjéð | sjáð | sjátuð | sjásk | |
3p | sjáð | sjáð | sjátuð | sjásk |
sjón
sn.f. /ʃɔ̀n/, from ON sjón
- vision, sighting
- spectacle
- movie
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sjónn | sjóninn | sjónn | sjóninn |
Acc. | sjón | sjónin | sjón | sjón |
Dat. | sjón | sjónin | sjónum | sjóninum |
Gen. | sjónar | sjónins | sjónar | sjón |
sjónvarp
sn.n. /ʃɔ̀nβarp/, from sjón and varp
- movie projection
For declensions, see varp
sjónvarphús
sn.n. /ʃɔ̀n.βarp.hòs/, from sjónvarp and hús
- cinema, theatre
For declensions, see hús.
sjúk
adj. /ʃòk/, from ON sjúkr
- sick, ill, unwell
- weak, frail
- nauseous
- disgusted, repulsed (by something)
- mentally unwell
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | sjúkr | sjúkt |
Acc. | sjúk | sjúkt |
Dat. | sjúkum | sjúkum |
Gen. | sjúks | sjúks |
Pl.Nom. | sjúkar | sjúk |
Acc. | sjúk | sjúk |
Dat. | sjúkum | sjúkum |
Gen. | sjúkar | sjúkr |
skal(a)
iv. /ʃkul/, from ON skulu
- should, might
- irrealis or dubitative modal verb
- neutral conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the conditional mood
Declensions:
- infinitive: skal
- imperative: skal
- present participle: skaland
- past participle: skalit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1s | skal | skylir | skyldr | |
2s | skalt | skylir | skyldr | |
3s | skal | skylir | skyldr | |
1p | skulum | skylim | skyldum | |
2p | skaluð | skylið | skylduð | |
3p | skaluð | skylið | skylduð |
skap
sn.m. /ʃkɑp/, from ON skap
mood, temper, disposition
Example
Hann vas í góðum skap.
He was in a good mood.
nature, character, quality
Example
Skapinn hans er sterk ok staðug.
He has a strong and steady nature.
condition, state (of something non-living)
Example
Veðits skapr er óstaðug.
The condition of the weather is unsteady.
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | skapr | skapinn | skapr | skapinn |
Acc. | skap | skapin | skap | skapin |
Dat. | skap | skapin | skapum | skapinum |
Gen. | skapar | skapins | skapar | skapin |
skáp
sn.m. /ʃkɛ̀p/, from ON skápr
- cabinet, a piece of furniture with shelves, drawers, or compartments for storing or displaying items
- cuboard, a closed cabinet with doors, used for storing kitchen utensils, dishes, or food
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | skápr | skápinn | skápr | skápinn |
Acc. | skáp | skápin | skáp | skápin |
Dat. | skáp | skápin | skápum | skápinum |
Gen. | skápar | skápins | skápar | skápin |
skil(ja)
sv. /ʃkiːʎ/, from ON skilja
- to differenciate
- to segregate, to separate
- to understand a difference
Alternative form: skij
Declensions:
- infinitive: skilja
- imperative: skilja
- imperative passive voice: skiljask
- present participle: skiljand
- past participle: skit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljumk | |
2s | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljask | |
3s | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljask | |
1p | skiljum | skilim | skiljum | skiljumk | |
2p | skilið | skilið | skiljuð | skiljask | |
3p | skilið | skilið | skiljuð | skiljask |
skip
sn.n. /ʃkip/, from ON skip
- ship; a large vessel used for traveling on water, often for commrcial, military, or exploratory purposes
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | skip | skipit | skip | skipitr |
Acc. | skip | skipit | skip | skipit |
Dat. | skip | skipit | skipum | skipitum |
Gen. | skips | skipits | skips | skipit |
skipan
sn.f. /ʃkipan/, from ON skipan
- arrangement, order, organisation (of things)
- item box, for organising belongings
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | skipanr | skipaninn | skipann | skipaninn |
Acc. | skipan | skipanin | skipan | skipanin |
Dat. | skipan | skipanin | skipanum | skipaninum |
Gen. | skipanar | skipanins | skipanar | skipanin |
skipt(a)
sv. /ʃkiɸt/, from ON skipta
- to change, to make something different or alter its state
- to switch, to toggle, to move from one state or position to another, especially in the context of mechanical or electronic devices
- to exchange, to give something and receive something else in return
- to shift, to move or transfer something from one place or position to another
- to alter, modify, to make adjustments or modifications to something
- to replace, to put something new in the place of something old or existing
Declensions:
- infinitive: skipt
- imperative: skipt
- imperative passive voice: skiptask
- present participle: skiptand
- past participle: skiptit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | skiptar | skiptir | skipt | skiptumk | |
2s | skiptar | skiptir | skipt | skiptisk | |
3s | skiptar | skiptir | skipt | skiptisk | |
1p | skiptum | skiptim | skiptum | skiptumk | |
2p | skiptið | skiptið | skiptuð | skiptisk | |
3p | skiptið | skiptið | skiptuð | skiptisk |
skín
wn.n. /skèn/, from skín(a)
- shine, shimmer
- brightness
- radiance
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | skín | skínit | skínn | skínitr |
Acc. | skín | skínit | skín | skínit |
Dat. | skín | skínit | skínum | skínitum |
Gen. | skíns | skínits | skíns | skínit |
skín(a)
sv. /ʃkèn/, from ON skína
- to shine
- to be bright (emitting light)
Declensions:
- infinitive: skín
- imperative: skín
- imperative passive voice: skínask
- present participle: skínand
- past participle: skínin
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínumk | |
2s | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínask | |
3s | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínask | |
1p | skínum | skínim | skínum | skínumk | |
2p | skínið | skínið | skínuð | skínask | |
3p | skínið | skínið | skínuð | skínask |
skít
sn.n. /ʃkèt/
- vulgar excrement, shit
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | skít | skítit | skít | skítitr |
Acc. | skít | skítit | skít | skítit |
Dat. | skít | skítit | skítum | skítitum |
Gen. | skíts | skítits | skíts | skítit |
skítráð
sn.n. /ˈʃkètˌrɛ̀ð/, from skít and ráð, calque of English shitpost
- shitpost, meme
For declensions, see ráð.
skóg
sn.m. /ʃkɔ̀ɣ/, from ON skógr
- forest, woods, a large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth
- an intricate, densely connected system or network, reminiscent of the structure of a forest
- the Internet (colloquial, definite only)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | skógr | skóginn | skógr | skóginn |
Acc. | skóg | skógin | skóg | skógin |
Dat. | skóg | skógin | skógum | skóginum |
Gen. | skógar | skógins | skógar | skógin |
smár
adj. /smɛ̀r/, from ON smár
- small, little
- narrow
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | smárr | smárt |
Acc. | smár | smárt |
Dat. | smárum | smárum |
Gen. | smárs | smárs |
Pl.Nom. | smárar | smár |
Acc. | smár | smár |
Dat. | smárum | smárum |
Gen. | smárar | smárr |
smársov
wn.n. /smɛ̀rsoβ/, from smár and sov(a)
- a nap (in a proper bed)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | smársov | smársovit | smársovr | smársovitr |
Acc. | smársov | smársovit | smársov | smársovit |
Dat. | smársov | smársovit | smársovum | smársovitum |
Gen. | smársovs | smársovits | smársovs | smársovit |
smársov(a)
iv. /smɛ̀rsoβ/, from smár and sov(a)
to nap (in a proper bed)
See sov(a) for conjugaison.
smer
sn.n. /smer/, from EON smer
- butter
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | smer | smerit | smer | smeritr |
Acc. | smer | smerit | smer | smerit |
Dat. | smer | smerit | smerum | smeritum |
Gen. | smers | smerits | smers | smerit |
smer(a)
wv. /smer/, from smer
- to spread butter
- to smooth over; to make something smooth or even, often used figuratively to resolve disagreements or difficulties
- to flatter; to praise someone excessively, often insincerely, to gain favour
Declensions:
- infinitive: smer
- imperative: smer
- imperative passive voice: smerask
- present participle: smerand
- past participle: smerit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | smerar | smerir | smert | smerumk | |
2s | smerar | smerir | smert | smerðisk | |
3s | smerar | smerir | smert | smerðisk | |
1p | smerum | smerim | smerum | smerumk | |
2p | smerið | smerið | smeruð | smerðisk | |
3p | smerið | smerið | smeruð | smerðisk |
snár
sn.m. /snɛ̀r/, from ON snjór
- snow
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | snárr | snárinn | snárr | snárinn |
Acc. | snár | snárin | snár | snárin |
Dat. | snár | snárin | snárum | snárinum |
Gen. | snárar | snárins | snárar | snárin |
son
sn.m. /son/, from ON sonr
- son
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sonn | soninn | sonn | soninn |
Acc. | son | sonin | son | sonin |
Dat. | son | sonin | sonum | soninum |
Gen. | sonar | sonins | sonar | sonin |
sorg
sn.f. /sorɡ/, from ON sorg
- sorrow; a feeling of deep distress caused by loss, disappointment, or other mistfortune
- grief; intense emotional suffering caused by the loss of a loved one
- regret; a feeling of sadness, repentance, or disappointment over something that has happened or been done
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sorgr | sorginn | sorgr | sorginn |
Acc. | sorg | sorgin | sorg | sorgin |
Dat. | sorg | sorgin | sorgum | sorginum |
Gen. | sorgar | sorgins | sorgar | sorgin |
sov
wn.n. /soβ/, from sov(a)
- a sleep, a long rest (in a bed)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sov | sovit | sovr | sovitr |
Acc. | sov | sovit | sov | sovit |
Dat. | sov | sovit | sovum | sovitum |
Gen. | sovs | sovits | sovs | sovit |
sov(a)
iv. /soβ/, from ON sofa
- to sleep
Declensions:
- infinitive: sov
- imperative: sov
- imperative passive voice: sovask
- present participle: sovand
- past participle: sovin
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | søv | sovir | soft | sovumk | |
2s | søvar | sovir | soft | sovdask | |
3s | søvar | sovir | soft | sovdask | |
1p | sovum | sovim | sávum | sovumk | |
2p | sovið | sovið | sávuð | sovdask | |
3p | sovið | sovið | sávuð | sovdask |
sovn(a)
wv. /soβn/, from ON sofna
- to fall asleep
Declensions:
- infinitive: sovn
- imperative: sovn
- imperative passive voice: sovnask
- present participle: sovnand
- past participle: sovnit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | sovnar | sovnir | sovnt | sovnumk | |
2s | sovnar | sovnir | sovnt | sovndisk | |
3s | sovnar | sovnir | sovnt | sovndisk | |
1p | sovnum | sovnim | sovnum | sovnumk | |
2p | sovnið | sovnið | sovnuð | sovndisk | |
3p | sovnið | sovnið | sovnuð | sovndisk |
sól
sn.f. /sɔ̀l/, from ON sól
- the Sun
- a sun, a star (astronomical sense)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sól | sólinn | sóll | sólinn |
Acc. | sól | sólin | sól | sólin |
Dat. | sól | sólin | sólum | sólinum |
Gen. | sólar | sólins | sólar | sólin |
See mán(i) for notes regarding the use of the different cases of this word.
sólskin
/sɔ̀lʃken/, from ON sólskin
- wn.n. sunshine
- adj. sunny
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskin | sólskinitr |
Acc. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskin | sólskinit |
Dat. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskinum | sólskinitum |
Gen. | sólskins | sólskinits | sólskins | sólskinit |
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | sólskinn | sólskint |
Acc. | sólskin | sólskint |
Dat. | sólskinum | sólskinum |
Gen. | sólskins | sólskins |
Pl.Nom. | sólskinar | sólskin |
Acc. | sólskin | sólskin |
Dat. | sólskinum | sólskinum |
Gen. | sólskinar | sólskinn |
sólskin(a)
sv. /ˈsɔ̀lʃken/, from sólskin
- to be sunny
- to be a nice day
Declensions:
- infinitive: sólskin
- present participle: sólskinand
- past participle: sólskinin
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3s | sólskinar | sólskinir | sólskint | sólskinask | |
3p | sólskinið | sólskinið | sólskinuð | sólskinask |
This verb only takes a time reference as its subject or none at all, always in the third personl
spell
sn.n. /ʃpelː/
- speech, saying
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | spell | spellit | spell | spellitr |
Acc. | spell | spellit | spell | spellit |
Dat. | spell | spellit | spellum | spellitum |
Gen. | spells | spellits | spells | spellit |
stað
sn.m. /ʃtɑð/, from ON staðr
- place, location, a particular position, point, or area in space
- site, spot, specific location or position
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | staðr | staðinn | staðr | staðinn |
Acc. | stað | staðin | stað | staðin |
Dat. | stað | staðin | staðum | staðinum |
Gen. | staðar | staðins | staðar | staðin |
staðug
adj. /ˈʃtɑð.oɣ/, from ON stǫðugr
- steady; firmly fixed or supported, not shaking or moving
- constant, unchanging; not varying or fluctuating
- reliable, dependable; worthy of trust or reliance
- calm, composed; not easily excited or upset
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | staðugr | staðugt |
Acc. | staðug | staðugt |
Dat. | staðugum | staðugum |
Gen. | staðugs | staðugs |
Pl.Nom. | staðugar | staðug |
Acc. | staðug | staðug |
Dat. | staðugum | staðugum |
Gen. | staðugar | staðugr |
stand(a)
sv. /ʃtɑnd/, from ON standa
to stand, to be in an upright position, supported by the feet.
Example
Ek standar hér.
I stand here.
to remain in a particular position or state
to endure or withstand something
to be situated or located
Example
Húsit standar á háðin
The house is/stands on the hill
to take a position or stance on an issue
Declensions:
- infinitive: stand
- imperative: stand
- imperative passive voice: standask
- present participle: standand
- past participle: standit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | standar | standir | standt | standumk | |
2s | standar | standir | standt | standsk | |
3s | standar | standir | standt | standisk | |
1p | standum | standim | standum | standumk | |
2p | standið | standið | standuð | standisk | |
3p | standið | standið | standuð | standisk |
stein
sn.m. /ʃtɑɪn/, from ON steinn
stone, a small piece of rock
(metaphor) some thing or someone that is firm, resolute, or reliable; a solid base or support
Example
Hann es steinn í vindin.
He is a rock in the wind, i.e. he is steadfast, reliable
something that impedes progress or makes a task more difficult
Example
Svá er stein í vegin mín
That’s a stone in my path, i.e. it is an obstacle in my progress
sterk
adj. /ʃterk/, from ON sterkr
- strong, powerful; having great physical power or strength
- firm, steady; not easily moved or changed
- intense,severe; having great force or degree
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | sterkr | sterkt |
Acc. | sterk | sterkt |
Dat. | sterkum | sterkum |
Gen. | sterks | sterks |
Pl.Nom. | sterkar | sterk |
Acc. | sterk | sterk |
Dat. | sterkum | sterkum |
Gen. | sterkar | sterkr |
stern(a)
wn.f. /ʃtern/, from EON sterna
- star
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | stern | sternat | sternn | sternatr |
Acc. | stern | sternat | stern | sternat |
Dat. | stern | sternat | sternum | sternatum |
Gen. | sterns | sternats | sterns | sternat |
stóð
sn.n. /ʃtɔ̀ð/, from ON standa
support, pillar; a structure that holds something up
Example
Húsit standar á sterkum stóðum.
The house stands on strong pillars.
foundation, base; the lowest part of a structure
backing, assistance; help given to someone or something
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | stóð | stóðit | stóð | stóðitr |
Acc. | stóð | stóðit | stóð | stóðit |
Dat. | stóð | stóðit | stóðum | stóðitum |
Gen. | stóðs | stóðits | stóðs | stóðit |
stóð(a)
sv. /ʃtɔ̀ð/, from ON standa
- to support, to hold up; to bear the weight of something
- to back, to assist; to give help or encouragement to someone
- to stand, to be positioned; to be in an upright position
Declensions:
- infinitive: stóð
- imperative: stóð
- imperative passive voice: stóðask
- present participle: stóðand
- past participle: stóðit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | stóðar | stóðir | stóðt | stóðumk | |
2s | stóðar | stóðir | stóðt | stóðsk | |
3s | stóðar | stóðir | stóðt | stóðask | |
1p | stóðum | stóðim | stóðum | stóðumk | |
2p | stóðið | stóðið | stóðuð | stóðask | |
3p | stóðið | stóðið | stóðuð | stóðask |
stól
sn.m. /ʃtɔ̀l/, from ON stóll
- chair, a piece of furniture designed for sitting on, typically having a seat, legs, and a back
- seat, a place or position designed for sitting
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | stóll | stólinn | stóll | stólinn |
Acc. | stól | stólin | stól | stólin |
Dat. | stól | stólin | stólum | stólinum |
Gen. | stólar | stólins | stólar | stólin |
styrsamhald(i)
sn.n. /ˈʃtyrˌsamhald/, from ON styrr (stir, battle) and samhaldi (a holding together, unity).
- military batallion
- mitilary unit, group
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhald | styrsamhalditr |
Acc. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit |
Dat. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhaldum | styrsamhalditum |
Gen. | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldits | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldit |
sumar
sn.n. /ˈsumɑr/, from ON sumar
- summer, the warmst season of the year, typically occurring from June to September in Eittland
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sumar | sumarit | sumar | sumaritr |
Acc. | sumar | sumarit | sumar | sumarit |
Dat. | sumar | sumarit | sumarum | sumaritum |
Gen. | sumars | sumarits | sumars | sumarit |
sunn(a)
wn.f. /sunː/, from ON sunna
- the sun (general usage)
- a sun (modern)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sunn | sunit | sunn | sunitr |
Acc. | sun | sunit | sun | sunit |
Dat. | sun | sunit | sunum | sunitum |
Gen. | suns | sunits | suns | sunit |
The definitive and plural forms appeared recently and are mostly used in a context of astronomy. In everyday speech, only the singular indefinite form is used in order to refer to the sun. In written Eitlandic, Sunn is the sun, while sunn is a sun.
Sunsdag
sn.m. /sunsndaɣ/ , from ON sunnudagr
- Sunday, first day of the week
For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.
svar(a)
wv. /sβar/, from ON svara
- to reply, to answer
Declensions:
- infinitive: svar
- imperative: svar
- imperative passive voice: svarask
- present participle: svarand
- past participle: svarit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | svarar | svarir | svart | svarumk | |
2s | svarar | svarir | svart | svarðisk | |
3s | svarar | svarir | svart | svarðisk | |
1p | svarum | svarim | svarum | svarumk | |
2p | svarið | svarið | svaruð | svarðisk | |
3p | svarið | svarið | svaruð | svarðisk |
svart
adj. /sβɑrt/, from ON svartr
- black
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | svartr | svartt |
Acc. | svart | svartt |
Dat. | svartum | svartum |
Gen. | svarts | svarts |
Pl.Nom. | svartar | svart |
Acc. | svart | svart |
Dat. | svartum | svartum |
Gen. | svartar | svartr |
svá
/sβɛ̀/, from ON svá, see also þá
conj. thus, therefore, then, consequently
Used as a way to introduce consequences, generally more explicit than with þá. Ef is only followed by svá, never þá.
adv. so, thus, thusly, this way
Example
Ek ger þett svá.
I do it this way
Han talt svá mjúklig
She spoke so softly
svín
sn.n. /sβèn/, from ON svín
- a pig
- someone who is excessively greedy, gluttonous, or self-indulgent; a person who consumes or desires more than they need
- someone or something that is dirty, messy, or unkempt; a person or place characterised by disorder or filth
- someone who is very stubborn, obstinate, or difficult to persuade; a person who refuses to change their mind or behaviour
- a representation of indulgence, excess, or overabundance; a symbol of enjoying something to an extreme degree
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | svín | svínit | svín | svínitr |
Acc. | svín | svínit | svín | svínit |
Dat. | svín | svínit | svínum | svínitum |
Gen. | svíns | svínits | svíns | svínit |
syng(ja)
wv. /syŋ/, from ON syngja
- to sing, to produce musical sounds with the voice
- to chant, to intone; to recite or utter in a melodic or rythmic manner, often in a ritual or ceremonial context
Declensions:
- infinitive: syng
- imperative: syng
- imperative passive voice: syngask
- present participle: syngand
- past participle: syngit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | syngjar | syngir | syngt | syngjumk | |
2s | syngjar | syngir | syngt | syngðisk | |
3s | syngjar | syngir | syngt | syngðisk | |
1p | syngjum | syngim | syngjum | syngjumk | |
2p | syngið | syngið | syngjuð | syngðisk | |
3p | syngið | syngið | syngjuð | syngðisk |
syst
sn.f. /syʃt/, from ON systir
- sister
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | systr | systinn | systr | systinn |
Acc. | syst | systin | syst | systin |
Dat. | syst | systin | systum | systinum |
Gen. | systir | systins | systir | systin |
systirdótt(u)
sn.f. /ˈsyʃt.ir.ˌdɔ̀ʃː/, from syst and dótt(u)
- niece; the daughter of one’s sister
For decliensions, see dótt(u)
systirson
sn.m. /ˈsyʃt.ir.ˌson/, from syst and son
- nephew; the son of one’s sister
For declensions, see son
T
tak(a)
sv. /tɑk/
- to take, to seize
- to capture (figuratively)
Declensions:
- infinitive: tak
- imperative: tak
- imperative passive voice: takask
- present participle: takand
- past participle: takit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | takar | takir | takt | takumk | |
2s | takar | takir | takt | taksk | |
3s | takar | takir | takt | takask | |
1p | takum | takim | takum | takumk | |
2p | takið | takið | takuð | takask | |
3p | takið | takið | takuð | takask |
tal(a)
Noun
wn.f. /tal/, from ON tala
- number, an abstract entity that represents a specific quantity
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | tal | talat | tall | talatr |
Acc. | tal | talat | tal | talat |
Dat. | tal | talat | talum | talatum |
Gen. | tals | talats | tals | talat |
Verb
wv. /tal/, from ON tala
- to talk, to speak, to communicate using words
- to recite, to declaim, to speak or read aloud, especially in a formal or ceremonial context
- to express, to articulate, to convey thoughts or feelings through speech
With prepositions:
- tal til: to talk to someone
- tal um: to talk about
- tal eftir: to retract a statement, to go back on one’s words
- tal á málskipan: to speak a language
Declensions:
- infinitive: tal
- imperative: tal
- imperative passive voice: talask
- present participle: taland
- past participle: talin
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | talar | talir | talt | talumk | |
2s | talar | talir | talt | talðisk | |
3s | talar | talir | talt | talðisk | |
1p | talum | talim | talum | talumk | |
2p | talið | talið | taluð | talðisk | |
3p | talið | talið | taluð | talðisk |
tarr(a)
sv. /tɑrː/
- to spread out
Declensions:
- infinitive: tarr
- imperative: tarr
- imperative passive voice: tarrask
- present participle: tarrand
- past participle: tarrit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrumk | |
2s | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrsk | |
3s | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrisk | |
1p | tarrum | tarrim | tarrum | tarrumk | |
2p | tarrið | tarrið | tarruð | tarrisk | |
3p | tarrið | tarrið | tarruð | tarrisk |
tasik
sn.n. /tɑs.ek/, Tunrit borrowing
- lake
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | tasik | tasikit | tasik | tasikitr |
Acc. | tasik | tasikit | tasik | tasikit |
Dat. | tasik | tasikit | tasikum | tasikitum |
Gen. | tasiks | tasikits | tasiks | tasikit |
This term is interchangeable with vatn when it comes to its meaning as lake, but tasik is often seen as more poetic and can disambiguate the use of vatn.
tán
sn.f. /tɛ̀n/, from EON tǫnn
- tooth
- cog, gear; a tooth on a wheel or gear used to transmit motion
- tine, prong; a pointed projecion on an implement or tool
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | tánn | táninn | tánn | táninn |
Acc. | tán | tánin | tán | tánin |
Dat. | tán | tánin | tánum | táninum |
Gen. | tánar | tánins | tánar | tánin |
til
prep. /til/, from ON til
This preposition indicates direction, purpose, or destination towards something. It triggers the dative case.
to, towards, used to indicate direction or destination, often with a sense of purpose or goal.
Example
Hann fert til borgin
He went to the city
Ek sendt brévit til vininum
I sent the letter to friends
Unlike að, til emphasizes more on the goal itself or the purpose of the action.
Some dialects also simply prefer to use til rather than að.
for, used to indicate the beneficiary or recipient of an action
Example
Þett es gef til þér
This is a gift for you
Ek gerð þett til stóð þér
I did this to support you
until, used to indicate a point in time up to which something happens
Example
Vár vinnum til verkit sé lokin
We work until the work is finished
til ná
- adv. still
Tíbet
wn.n. /ˈtèbet/, borrowed from Danish Tibet
- Tibet
Sg. | |
---|---|
Nom. | Tíbet |
Acc. | Tíbet |
Dat. | Tíbet |
Gen. | Tíbets |
ton
wn.m. /ton/, from Middle Low German ton
- tune, tone
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ton | tonit | tonn | tonitr |
Acc. | ton | tonit | ton | tonit |
Dat. | ton | tonit | tonum | tonitum |
Gen. | tons | tonits | tons | tonit |
tonlist
wn.f. /tonliʃt/, from ton and list
- music
See list for declensions.
traust
adj. /trɔʃt/
- trusty, trustworthy, safe
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | traustr | traustt |
Acc. | traust | traustt |
Dat. | traustum | traustum |
Gen. | trausts | trausts |
Pl.Nom. | traustar | traust |
Acc. | traust | traust |
Dat. | traustum | traustum |
Gen. | traustar | traustr |
tren
wn.n. /tren/, from English train
- train
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | tren | trenit | trenn | trenitr |
Acc. | tren | trenit | tren | trenit |
Dat. | tren | trenit | trenum | trenitum |
Gen. | trens | trenits | trens | trenit |
tung(a)
wn.f. /tuŋ/
tongue (body part)
language
speech, utterance
Exampde
Han nott tung tungat henn vel.
She used her speech well.
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | tung | tungat | tungr | tungatr |
Acc. | tung | tungat | tung | tungat |
Dat. | tung | tungat | tungum | tungatum |
Gen. | tungs | tungats | tungs | tungat |
týr
in.m. /tø̀r/, from ON týr
- god, divinity
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | týr | týrin | tívar | týrinn |
Acc. | tý | týrin | tív | týrin |
Dat. | tív | týrin | tívum | týrinum |
Gen. | týs | týsins | tív | týsin |
Týr
pn. /tø̀r/, from ON Týr
- the god Týr
Sg. | |
---|---|
Nom. | Týr |
Acc. | Tý |
Dat. | Tív |
Gen. | Týs |
Týsdag
sn.m. /tø̀sdaɣ/, from ON týsdagr
- Tuesday, third day of the week
For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.
Þ
þá
conj. /θɛ̀/, from ON þá
- then, temporal continuity or implied consequence
- plural accusative form of sá
Example
Hann kœmt heim, þá lokt ok lást dyrin
He came home, then closed and locked the door
þegar
/θejar/, from ON þegar
- adv. already, at once
- conj. when
þess(i)
pron. /θesː/, from ON þessi
- this
See also sá
Þór
pn.m. /θɔ̀r/, from ON Þórr
- Thor
Sg. | |
---|---|
Nom. | Þórr |
Acc. | Þór |
Dat. | Þór |
Gen. | Þórs |
Þórsdag
sn.m. /θɔ̀rsdaɣ/, from ON þórsdagr
- Thursday, fifth day of the week
For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.
því
adv. /θwè/, from ON því
- because
U
ublun(a)
sn.f. /ub.lun/, probably a Tunrit borrowing
- cloudberry
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ublunr | ublunann | ublunr | ublunann |
Acc. | ublun | ublunan | ublun | ublunan |
Dat. | ublun | ublunan | ublunum | ublunanum |
Gen. | ublunar | ublunans | ublunar | ublunan |
um
prep. /um/, from ON um
- around
- about
- concerning (something)
Example
Hann es mannin um talt ek þér
He’s the guy I spoke to you about
han-n | es | mann-in | um | tal-t | ek | þér |
3sm-NOM | to.be.3sg.PRES | 1s.NOM | about | 2s.DAT | speak-1s.PST | about |
undir
adj. /undir/, from ON undir
- under, underneath, below
Can only be used with a dative noun phrase.
Example
Bókinn er undir borðitum.
bók-inn | er | undir | borð-itum |
book-DEF.NOM.SG.C | be.3sg.PRES.IND | under | table-DEF.DAT.SG.N |
The book is under the table
undirland
sn.n. /ˈundirˌland/, calque of English “underground” using undir and land
- underground, subway
See also metr(o)
See land for declensions.
universitet
wn.n. /oneˈβersetet/, from German Universität
- university
Alternative form: oneversetet
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | universitet | universitetit | universitetr | universitetitr |
Acc. | universitet | universitetit | universitet | universitetit |
Dat. | universitet | universitetit | universitetum | universitetitum |
Gen. | universitets | universitetits | universitets | universitetit |
uppá
prep. /ˈuɸːə̀/, from ON uppá
- upon
Alternative form: offá
Ú
úlf
sn.m. /òlv/, from ON úlfr
- wolf-dog. See also noregsúlfr.
Alternative form: olv
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | úlfr | úlfinn | úlfr | úlfinn |
Acc. | úlf | úlfin | úlf | úlfin |
Dat. | úlf | úlfin | úlfum | úlfinum |
Gen. | úlfar | úlfins | úlfar | úlfin |
V
varm
adj. /βarm/, from ON varmr
- warm, hot
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | varmr | varmt |
Acc. | varm | varmt |
Dat. | varmum | varmum |
Gen. | varms | varms |
Pl.Nom. | varmar | varm |
Acc. | varm | varm |
Dat. | varmum | varmum |
Gen. | varmar | varmr |
varn(a)
sv. /βɑrn/, from ON varna
- warn off
When used as to warn about smth, varn uses að.
Declensions:
- infinitive: varn
- imperative: varn
- imperative passive voice: varnask
- present participle: varnand
- past participle: varnit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | varnar | varnir | varnt | varnumk | |
2s | varnar | varnir | varnt | varnðisk | |
3s | varnar | varnir | varnt | varnðisk | |
1p | varnum | varnim | varnum | varnumk | |
2p | varnið | varnið | varnuð | varnðisk | |
3p | varnið | varnið | varnuð | varnðisk |
varnað
sn.m. /βɑrnɑð/, from varn(a)
- warning, caution
- advisory
- alert
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | varnaðr | varnaðinn | varnaðr | varnaðinn |
Acc. | varnað | varnaðin | varnað | varnaðin |
Dat. | varnað | varnaðin | varnaðum | varnaðinum |
Gen. | varnaðar | varnaðins | varnaðar | varnaðin |
varp
sn.n. /βarp/, from verp
- casting, throwing
- projection
- colloquial a movie projection
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | varp | varpit | varp | varpitr |
Acc. | varp | varpit | varp | varpit |
Dat. | varp | varpit | varpum | varpitum |
Gen. | varps | varpits | varps | varpit |
vatn
sn.n. /βatn̩/, from ON vatn
water
lake; see also tasik
a fluid or adaptable situation
a deep, profound feeling or sensation
Example
Ástinn mínn er djúpt vatn
My love is deep water, i.e. profound and intense
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | vatn | vatnit | vatn | vatnitr |
Acc. | vatn | vatnit | vatn | vatnit |
Dat. | vatn | vatnit | vatnum | vatnitum |
Gen. | vatns | vatnits | vatns | vatnit |
váð
wn.m. /βɛ̀ð/, from ON váði
- danger, peril
- hazard, risk
- threat, eg. he is a threat to society.
- warning, caution, eg. beware of dogs!
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | váð | váðit | váðr | váðitr |
Acc. | váð | váðit | váð | váðit |
Dat. | váð | váðit | váðum | váðitum |
Gen. | váðs | váðits | váðs | váðit |
ván
sn.f. /βɛ̀n/, from ON ván
- hope
- wish
Alternative form: vén
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | vánn | váninn | vánn | váninn |
Acc. | ván | vánin | ván | vánin |
Dat. | ván | vánin | vánum | váninum |
Gen. | vánn | vánins | vánn | vánin |
ván(a)
iv. /βɛ̀n/, from ON vána
- to hope
- to wish for
Uses a dative for its second argument.
Alternative form: vén(a)
Declensions:
- infinitive: ván
- imperative: ván
- imperative passive voice: vánask
- present participle: vánand
- past participle: vánit
person | Ind. Present | Sub. Present | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | vánn | vánir | vánt | vánumk | |
2s | vánn | vánir | vánt | vándisk | |
3s | vánn | vánir | vánt | vándisk | |
1p | vánum | vánim | vánum | vánumk | |
2p | vánið | vánið | vánuð | vándisk | |
3p | vánið | vánið | vánuð | vándisk |
veð
sn.n. /βeð/, from ON veðr
- weather
- climate
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | veð | veðit | veð | veðitr |
Acc. | veð | veðit | veð | veðit |
Dat. | veð | veðit | veðum | veðitum |
Gen. | veðs | veðits | veðs | veðit |
vef
sm.n. /βef/, from ON vefr
- web (spiders’)
- web (textile)
- (definite only) the WorldWideWeb, the Internet
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | vefr | vefinn | vefr | vefinn |
Acc. | vef | vefin | vef | vefin |
Dat. | vef | vefin | vefum | vefinum |
Gen. | vefar | vefins | vefar | vefin |
vefsíð
wf.n. /ˈβefˌsèð/, from vef and síð(a)
- website
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | vefsíð | vefsíðat | vefsíðr | vefsíðatr |
Acc. | vefsíð | vefsíðat | vefsíð | vefsíðat |
Dat. | vefsíð | vefsíðat | vefsíðum | vefsíðatum |
Gen. | vefsíðs | vefsíðats | vefsíðs | vefsíðat |
veg
sn.m. /βeɣ/, from ON vegr
- path, way
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | vegr /βeɡr̩/ | veginn | vegr | veginn |
Acc. | veg /βeɣ/ | vegin | veg | vegin |
Dat. | veg /βej/ | vegin | vegum | veginum |
Gen. | vegar /βejɑr/ | vegins | vegar | vegin |
veisheit
wn.f. /ˈβɑɪshɑɪt/, from German Weisheit, see also visk(a)
- knowledge or wisdom
- insight
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheitr | veisheititr |
Acc. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheit | veisheitit |
Dat. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheitum | veisheititum |
Gen. | veisheits | veisheitits | veisheits | veisheitit |
veit(a)
wv. /βɑɪt/, from ON veita
- to give, to provide, to transfer possession or control of something to someone
- to grant, to bestow, to confer or award something to someone
- to serve, to attend, to perform duties or services for someone
Declensions:
- infinitive: veit
- imperative: veit
- imperative passive voice: veitask
- present participle: veitand
- past participle: veitit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | veitar | veitir | veitt | veitumk | |
2s | veitar | veitir | veitt | veittisk | |
3s | veitar | veitir | veitt | veittisk | |
1p | veitum | veitim | veitum | veitumk | |
2p | veitið | veitið | veituð | veittisk | |
3p | veitið | veitið | veituð | veittisk |
veiting
sn.f. /ˈβɑɪtˌeŋ/, from veit(a) and -ing
- serving, provision, the act of providing or serving something, especially food or drink
- meal, dish, a prepared serving of food
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | veitingr | veitinginn | veitingr | veitinginn |
Acc. | veiting | veitingin | veiting | veitingin |
Dat. | veiting | veitingin | veitingum | veitinginum |
Gen. | veitingar | veitingins | veitingar | veitingin |
veitingstað
sn.m. /ˈβɑɪteŋˌʃtɑð/, from veiting and stað
- restaurant, dining place, an establishment where meals are served to customers
For declensions, see stað.
vel
adv. /βel/, from ON vel
well; in a good or satisfactory manner
easily
thoroughly, completely; to a great extent or degree
fortunately, luckily
Example
Vel kœmt hann með oss
Fortunately, he came with us
adj. well; in good health
Example
Han er vel.
She is well.
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | velr | velt |
Acc. | vel | velt |
Dat. | velum | velum |
Gen. | vels | vels |
Pl.Nom. | velar | vel |
Acc. | vel | vel |
Dat. | velum | velum |
Gen. | velar | velr |
ver(a)
iv. /βer/, from ON vera
- to be
- active auxilliary
Declensions:
- infinitive: ver
- imperative: ves
- present participle: verand
- past participle: vest
Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Ind. Past | Subj. Past | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1s | em | sé | vas/var | vár |
2s | est/ert | sér | vast/vart | vár |
3s | es/er | sé | vas/var | vár |
1p | er | sé | var | vár |
2p | eruð | séð | varð | várið |
3p | er | sé | var | vár |
The distinction between est or ert and es or er is purely based on the dialect one speaks. In general, the est and es form is preferred in Ðeberget’s region, Fjalheim and other Northern parts of Eittland while ert and er is preferred everywhere else.
verk
sn.n. /βerk/, from ON verk
- work, the activities or tasks performed as part of one’s job or occupation
- task, a piece of work to be done or undertaken
- business, a commercial or industrial enterprise or activity
- project, a planned undertaking or endeavour, typically involving a series of tasks or activities aimed at achieving a specific goal
- a large or complex task or assignment
- a collaborative effort involving multiple participants
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | verk | verkit | verk | verkitr |
Acc. | verk | verkit | verk | verkit |
Dat. | verk | verkit | verkum | verkitum |
Gen. | verks | verkits | verks | verkit |
verp(a)
sv. /βerp/, from ON verpa
- to throw
- to cast (e.g. a movie)
Declensions:
- infinitive: verp
- imperative: verp
- imperative passive voice: verpask
- present participle: verpand
- past participle: verpit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpumk | |
2s | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpask | |
3s | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpask | |
1p | verpum | verpim | verpum | verpumk | |
2p | verpið | verpið | verpuð | verpask | |
3p | verpið | verpið | verpuð | verpask |
vest
adv. /βeʃt/, from ON vestr
- West, westward
vetr
in.m. /βetr̩/, from ON vetr
- winter, the coldest season of the year, typically occuring from November to March in Eittland
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | vetr | vetrinn | vetr | vetrinn |
Acc. | vetr | vetrin | vetr | vetrin |
Dat. | vetr | vetrin | vetrum | vetrinum |
Gen. | vetrar | vetrins | vetrar | vetrin |
vél
sn.f. /βɛl/, from ON vél
- machine, craft
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | véll | vélinn | véll | vélinn |
Acc. | vél | vélin | vél | vélin |
Dat. | vél | vélin | vélum | vélinum |
Gen. | vélar | vélins | vélar | vélin |
vétal(a)
wn.f. /ˈβɛ̀tal/, portemanteau of vél and tal(a)
- computer
See tal(a) for declensions.
vik(a)
wn.f. /βik/, from ON vika
- a week
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | vik | vikat | vikr | vikatr |
Acc. | vik | vikat | vik | vikat |
Dat. | vik | vikat | vikum | vikatum |
Gen. | viks | vikats | viks | vikat |
Days of the week
vilja
iv. /βiʎ/, from ON vilja
- to want, to wish
Declensions:
- infinitive: vilja
- imperative: vilja
- imperative passive voice: viljask
- present participle: viljand
- past participle: viljit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | vil | vil | vilt | vildumk | |
2s | vill | vil | vilir | vildisk | |
3s | vill | vil | vilir | vildisk | |
1p | viljum | vilim | vildum | vildumk | |
2p | vilið | vilið | vilduð | vildisk | |
3p | vilið | vilið | vilduð | vildisk |
vin
sn.m. /βin/
- friend
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | vinn | vininn | vinn | vininn |
Acc. | vin | vinin | vin | vinin |
Dat. | vin | vinin | vinum | vininum |
Gen. | vinar | vinins | vinar | vinin |
See also ilaɡ(a).
vinbú
wn.m. /ˈβinˌbò/
- pet
- roommate (derogatory)
For declensions, see bú.
vind
sn.m. /βind/, from ON vindr
wind, the percepIble natural movement of the air, especially outdoors
something that drives or influences change, progress, or movement; an unpredictable or dynamic force
Example
Hann er vindin aptr nemum mínum
He is the wind behind my studies, i.e. he is the reason my studies go on
information or news that spreads quickly and widely, often through infomal cannels; rumours or gossips
Example
Vindinn er sandr eig
The rumors are not true
Han hlert vindin um svá
She heard the rumours about that
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | vindr | vindinn | vindr | vindinn |
Acc. | vind | vindin | vind | vindin |
Dat. | vind | vindin | vindum | vindinum |
Gen. | vindar | vindins | vindar | vindin |
vindker
wn.n. /ˈβind.ˌker/, from vind and ker
- sky, litt wind bassin
- atmosphere
For declensions, see ker.
vindaug(a)
wn.n. /ˈβindˌɔ̀j/, from vind and aug(a)
- window
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaug | vindaugatr |
Acc. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaug | vindaugat |
Dat. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaugum | vindaugatum |
Gen. | vindaugas | vindaugats | vindaugas | vindaugat |
vinn(a)
wv. /βin/, from ON vinna
- to work, to labour, to engage in physical or mental activity in order to achieve a result or earn a living
- to win, to gain, to achieve victory or success in a competition or contest
- to gain, to obtain, to acquire something through effort or achievement
Declensions:
- infinitive: vinn
- imperative: vinn
- imperative passive voice: vinnask
- present participle: vinnand
- past participle: vinnit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | vinnar | vinnir | vinnt | vinnumk | |
2s | vinnar | vinnir | vinnt | vinnsk | |
3s | vinnar | vinnir | vinnt | vinnask | |
1p | vinnum | vinnim | vinnum | vinnumk | |
2p | vinnið | vinnið | vinnuð | vinnask | |
3p | vinnið | vinnið | vinnuð | vinnask |
vit
interj. /βit/
- question marker, see yes/no questions, probably from an inuit dialect.
visk(a)
wn.f. /βiʃk/, from ON vizka
- practical knowledge or wisdom, acquired from experience
See veisheit for a more general term for wisdow
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | visk | viskit | viskr | viskitr |
Acc. | visk | viskit | visk | viskit |
Dat. | visk | viskit | viskum | viskitum |
Gen. | visks | viskits | visks | viskit |
Y
ynnlig
/ynːliɣ/, from ON ynniliga
- adv. cutely, lovely, adorably
- adj. cute, lovely, adorably
Common | Neuter | |
---|---|---|
Sg.Nom. | ynnligr | ynnligt |
Acc. | ynnlig | ynnligt |
Dat. | ynnligum | ynnligum |
Gen. | ynnligs | ynnligs |
Pl.Nom. | ynnligar | ynnlig |
Acc. | ynnlig | ynnlig |
Dat. | ynnligum | ynnligum |
Gen. | ynnligar | ynnligr |
Ý
Z
Ø
Œ
Œgir
pn. /ˈœjer/
- A mythical beast residing in the forests of the western Eittlandic fjords.
Alternative form: Œjer