Dictionary

Below you will find a simple Eittlandic to English dictionary. It uses some abbreviations you should keep in mind:

• acc: accusative
• adj: adjective
• adv: adverb
• art: article
• aux: auxiliary
• c: common
• comp: comparative
• conj: conjunction
• Dan: Danish
• dat: dative
• def: definite
• Eng: English
• EON: Early Old Norse
• f: feminine
• gen: genitive
• Ger: German
• imp: imperative
• in: irregular noun
• ind: indicative
• interr: interrogative
• iv: irregular verb
• m: masculine
• mass: mass noun
• ME: Middle Eittlandic
• n: neuter
• neg: negative
• nom: nominal
• Nor: Norwegian (Nynork if no dialect is specified)
• num: numeral
• OE: Old Eittlandic
• OI: Old Icelandic
• ON: Old Norse
• pas: passive
• pl: plural
• pn: proper noun
• prep: preposition
• pret: preterite
• pron: pronoun
• sg: singular
• sn: strong noun
• stg: strong
• sv: strong verb
• Swe: Swedish
• wk: weak
• wn: weak noun
• wv: weak verb

Note that when a word is marked solely as masculine, feminine or neutral, it is a noun. Otherwise, another marker such as adj. should be added, for instance f.adj. for a feminine adjective.

All words are indexed by their spelling as determined by Standard Eittlandic, which roughly corresponds to the accusative of other dialects.

All words are indexed by a standardized traditional spelling, with occasionally their Standard Eittlandic spelling specified below in the word’s entry. Each noun has its declension presented to the reader as a guide to how it might generally look in dialects other than Standard Eittlandic. Other variations may exist from one dialect to another that are not presented here. For instance, while most Eittlandic dialects lost the ru part of the dat.pl. declention, going from férum to fém, some dialects in East Northern Eittland still retain the former form.

Letters in parenthesis are no longer used when writing Eittlandic but are still underlying vowels that can still affect the pronunciation of the word and its surroundings. For instance, dag can represent three forms of the word: dagr, dag and daga (the -r and -a are silent in Standard Eittlandic). The first form is pronounced /daɣ/ while the other two are pronounced /daj/. They can also represent grammatical cases which are no longer used in Standard Eittlandic, such as dagr. While it exists as is in several Eittlandic dialects, it doesn’t exist as dagr in Standard Eittlandic, only as dag. The underlying vowel also reappears when the word is used in its definite form. For instance, dagr becomes dagann due to the underlying -a in its accusative form dag(a) while fiskr becomes fiskinn (the «i» is added when no other underlying vowel can replace it). The definite form of a noun is indicated in its declension table.

A

aug(a)

wn.n. /ɔ̀j/

1. eye

Alternative form: ój

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	aug	augat	aug	augatr
Acc.	aug	augat	aug	augat
Dat.	aug	augat	augum	augatum
Gen.	augas	augats	augas	augat

Á

ábreið(a)

wn.f. /ɛ̀brɑɪð/, from ON ábreiða

1. bed covering, cover, bedspread
2. any kind of cloth used for beds

Alternative form: ébreið(a)

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	ábreið	ábreiðat	ábreiðr	ábreiðitr
Acc.	ábreið	ábreiðat	ábreið	ábreiðit
Dat.	ábreið	ábreiðat	ábreiðum	ábreiðitum
Gen.	ábreiðs	ábreiðats	ábreiðar	ábreiðit

áng

interj. /ɛŋ/

1. positive counter-factual, see the questions section of the grammar

Alternative form: éng

This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare modern-day Aleut aang and Proto-Eskimoan *aa or *ii.

B

borð

sn.n. /borð/

1. table
2. large plank

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	borð	borðit	borð	borðitr
Acc.	borð	borðit	borð	borðit
Dat.	borð	borðit	borðum	borðitum
Gen.	borðs	borðits	borðs	borðit

borg

sn.f /borg/, from ON borg

1. city

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	borgr	borginn	borgr	borginn
Acc.	borg	borgin	borg	borgin
Dat.	borg	borgin	borgum	borginum
Gen.	borgar	borgins	borgar	borgin

bræð

sn.m. /brɛð/

Alternative form: bréð

See bróð

bróð(i)

sn.m. /brɔ̀ð/ , from ON bróðir

1. brother, plural bræð

Re-analysis of ON bródir decomposed into bróð + -ir by popular etymology. Same goes for its former plural bræðir which got re-analyzed into bræð + -ir.

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	bróðr	bróðinn	bræðr	bræðinn
Acc.	bróð	bróðin	bræð	bræðin
Dat.	bróðir	bróðin	bræðir	bræðinum
Gen.	bróð	bróðins	bræðum	bræðin

bók(a)

sn.f. /bɔ̀k/, from ON bók

1. book, plural bøk

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	bókr	bókann	bøkr	bøkann
Acc.	bók	bókan	bøk	bøkan
Dat.	bókar	bókan	bøkar	bøkanum
Gen.	bók	bókans	bøkum	bøkan

bøk

sn.f. /bø̀k/

See bók

C

D

djúp

adj. /ʒːòp/, from ON djúpr

1. deep
2. profound (figuratively)

Alternative form: djóp

djúplig

adv. /ʒːòpleɣ/, from OE djúpr (see djúp) with OE suffix -ligr (see ON -ligr)

1. deeply
2. inherently

Alternative form: djópleg

dótt(i)

sn.f. /dɔ̀ʃː/, from ON dóttir

1. daughter

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	dóttr	dóttinn	dœttr	dœttinn
Acc.	dótt	dóttin	dœtt	dœttin
Dat.	dótt	dóttin	dœttum	dœttinum
Gen.	dóttir	dóttins	dœttar	dœttin

dýn(a)

wn.f. /dø̀n/, from ON dýna

1. mattress

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	dýn	dýnat	dýnn	dýnatr
Acc.	dýn	dýnat	dýn	dýnat
Dat.	dýn	dýnat	dýnum	dýnatum
Gen.	dýns	dýnats	dýns	dýnat

dýnsábreið(a)

wn.f. /dø̀nsɛ̀brɑɪð/, from dýn and ábreið

1. blanket

Alternative form: dønsébreið(a)

See ábreið for declensions.

dýnskláð

wn.n. /ˈdø̀nsˌklɛ̀ð/, from dýn(a) and kláð(i).

1. pillow case, litt. “pillow clothes”

Alternative form: dǿnskléð

See kláð(i) for declensions.

dœtt(i)

sn.f. /dœ̀ʃː/, from ON dóttir

Plural of dótt(i).

E

edd(a)

wn.f. /e:ðː/, from ON edda

1. great grandmother
2. female ancestor, beyond the grandmother

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	edd	eddann	eddr	eddann
Acc.	edd	eddan	edd	eddan
Dat.	eddas	eddan	eddam	eddanum
Gen.	eddas	eddans	eddas	eddan

Eittland

sn.n. /ɑɪʔlɑnd/, from OE neutral einn (alone, lonely), itself from ON einn, and ON land

1. High Kingdom of Eittland
2. island of Eittland

	Sg.
Nom.	Eittland
Acc.	Eittland
Dat.	Eittland
Gen.	Eittlands

ell(a)

/elː/, from ON ella

1. (adv.) else, or, otherwise
2. (conj.) or

É

F

fað(i)

sn.m. /fað/, from ON faðir

1. father, plural feð

Re-analysis of sg. fadir and pl. feðir as fað and feð respectively, each appended with a grammatical -r or -ir (which later got reduced to -r).

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	faðr	faðinn	feðr	feðinn
Acc.	fað	faðin	feð	feðin
Dat.	fað	faðin	feðum	feðinum
Gen.	faðar	faðins	feðar	feðin

far(a)

iv. /far/, from ON fara

1. to go

2. infinitive: far

3. imperative: far

4. imperative passive voice: farsk

5. present participle: farand

6. past participle: farit

person		Indicative Present	Subjunctive Present	Past	Passive
1s		ferr	ferir	fert	ferumk
2s		ferr	ferir	fert	ferisk
3s		ferr	ferir	fert	ferisk
1p		farum	farim	farum	farumk
2p		farið	farið	faruð	farask
3p		farið	farið	faruð	farask

feð

sn.m. /feð/

See fað

ferð

sn.m. /ferð/, from EON ferðr

1. fjord, bay

fé

in.n.mass. /fɛ̀/, from ON fé

1. wealth

	Singular	Plural
Nom.	fé	fé
Acc.	fé	fé
Dat.	fé	fém
Gen.	fés	fés

fisk

sn.m. /fiʃk/, from ON fiskr

1. fish

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	fiskr	fiskinn	fiskr	fiskinn
Acc.	fisk	fiskin	fisk	fiskin
Dat.	fisk	fiskin	fiskum	fiskinum
Gen.	fiskar	fiskins	fiskar	fiskin

fylgj(a)

wv. /fyʎ/, from ON fylgja

1. to follow

2. to stand with (metaphorically)

3. infinitive: fylgja /fyʎ/

4. imperative: fylgja /fyʎ/

5. imperative passive voice: fylgjask

6. present participle: fylgjand

7. past pariciple: fylgjat

person		Indicative Present	Subjunctive Present	Past	Passive
1s		fylgjar	fylir	fylgjat	fylgjumk
2s		fylgjar	fylir	fylgjat	fylðisk
3s		fylgjar	fylir	fylgjat	fylðisk
1p		fylgjum	fylim	fylgjum	fylgjumk
2p		fylið	fylið	fylgjuð	fylðisk
3p		fylið	fylið	fylgjuð	fylðisk

G

gauð

wn.f. /jɔʊð/, from ON gauð (a barking)

1. a quarrel
2. a heated debate (informal)

Alternative form: jauð

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	gauð	gauðit	gauðr	gauðitr
Acc.	gauð	gauðit	gauð	gauðit
Dat.	gauð	gauðit	gauðum	gauðitum
Gen.	gauðs	gauðits	gauðs	gauðit

gauð(a)

wv. /jɔʊð/, from Eittlandic gauð

1. to have a quarrel
2. to argue, have a heated debate (informal)

Alternative form: jauð

person		Ind. Pres.	Subj. Pres.	Past	Passive
1s		gauðr	gauðir	gauðt	gauðumk
2s		gauðr	gauðir	gauðt	gauððisk
3s		gauðr	gauðir	gauðt	gauððisk
1p		gauðum	gauðim	gauðum	gauðumk
2p		gauðið	gauðið	gauðuð	gauððisk
3p		gauðið	gauðið	gauðuð	gauððisk

gef

sn.f. /jev/, from Early Old Norse gjef

1. gift, present

Alternative form: jev

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	gefr	gefinn	gefr	gefinn
Acc.	gef	gefin	gef	gefin
Dat.	gef	gefin	gefum	gefinum
Gen.	gefar	gefins	gefar	gefin

gegn

adv. /jeɡn̩/, from ON gegn

1. against, opposing

Alternative form: jegn

gleym(a)

sv. /ɡløʏm/, from ON gleyma

1. to forget

Alternative form: gløym

• infinitive: gleym
• imperative: gleym
• imperative passive voice: gleymsk
• present participle: gleymand
• past participle: gleymit

person		Indicative Present	Subjunctive Present	Past	Passive
1s		gleymr	gleymir	gleymt	gleymumk
2s		gleymr	gleymir	gleymt	gleymask
3s		gleymr	gleymir	gleymt	gleymask
1p		gleymum	gleymir	gleymum	gleymumk
2p		gleymið	gleymið	gleymuð	gleymask
3p		gleymið	gleymið	gleymuð	gleymask

The verb gleym takes a dative instead of an accusative.

Example

1. Ek gleymr opt lykillinum

   ek	gleym-r	opt	lykill-inum
   1s.NOM	forget-1s.PRES	often	key-pl.DAT.ART.DEF.

   I often forget the keys

2. Hann haft gleymt at far til borgin

   hann	haft	gleymt	at	far	til	borg-in
   3s.m.NOM	have.3s.PST	forget.3s.PST	to.DAT	go.INF	to	city-def.art.s.DAT

   He forgot to go to the city.

grað(a)

wn.n. /ɡrað/, from Latin gradus

1. degree (general)
2. degree (scholar)
3. degree (geometry)
4. degree (temperature)
5. grade (scholar)
6. military rank

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	grað	graðat	graðr	graðatr
Acc.	grað	graðat	grað	graðat
Dat.	grað	graðat	graðum	graðatum
Gen.	graðs	graðats	graðs	graðat

H

hav(a)

iv. /haβ/, from ON hafa

1. to have
2. stative auxilliary

Inflexions

• infinitive: hav
• imperative: hav (except 2p haft)
• imperative passive voice: hafsk (except 1p havumsk)
• present participle: havand
• past participle: hafr

	Indicative Present	Subjunctive Present	Indicative Past	Subjunctive Past
1s	hav	hav	haft	haft
2s	havir	havir	haftir	haftir
3s	havir	hav	haft	haft
1p	havum	havim	haft	haft
2p	haft	haft	haftuð	haftið
3p	hav	hav	haft	haft

Note that there is no difference between singular and plural when using hav(a) in the passive voice.

	Indicative Present	Subjunctive Present	Indicative Past	Subjunctive Past
1	havumk	havumk	havumk	heðumk
2	hafsk	havisk	havisk	heðisk
3	hafsk	havisk	havisk	heðisk

hávuð

in.n. /hɛ̀βoð/, from ON hǫfuð

1. head (body)

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	hávuð	hávuðit	hávuð	hávuðitr
Acc.	hávuð	hávuðit	hávuð	hávuðit
Dat.	háð	háðit	hávum	hávitum
Gen.	háðs	háðits	háðs	háðit

háðsdýn

wn.f. /ˈhɛ̀ðzˌdø̀n/, from hávuð and dýn(a)

1. pillow, litt. “head-mattress”

See dýn(a) for declensions.

heils(a)

wn.f. /hɑ:ɪls/, from ON heilsa

1. health

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	heils	heilsat	heilsr	heilsatr
Acc.	heils	heilsat	heils	heilsat
Dat.	heils	heilsat	heilsum	heilsatum
Gen.	heilsas	heilsats	heilsas	heilsat

historja

wn.f. /heʃtˈorjə/, from Latin historia

1. history

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	historja	historjat	historjar	historjatr
Acc.	historja	historjat	historja	historjat
Dat.	historja	historjat	historjum	historjatum
Gen.	historjas	historjats	historjas	historjat

hjól

sn.n. /çɔl/, from ON hjól

1. wheel

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	hjól	hjólit	hjól	hjólitr
Acc.	hjól	hjólit	hjól	hjólit
Dat.	hjól	hjólit	hjólum	hjólitum
Gen.	hjóls	hjólits	hjóls	hjólit

hler(a)

sv. /ɬer/, from ON hlera

1. to hear

2. to eaves-drop (accidentaly)

3. infinitive: hler

4. imperative: hler

5. imperative passive voice: hlerask (except 1p hlerumk)

6. present participle: hlerand

7. past participle: hlerit

person		Indicative Present	Subjunctive Present	Past	Passive
1s		hlerr	hlerir	hlert	hlerumk
2s		hlerr	hlerir	hlert	hlerask
3s		hlerr	hlerir	hlert	hlerask
1p		hlerum	hlerim	hlerum	hlerumk
2p		hlerið	hlerið	hleruð	hlerask
3p		hlerið	hlerið	hleruð	hlerask

Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase if there is one.

hleð

sn.n. /ɬeð/, from EON hleða, see ON hljóð

1. sound, noise, thing heard
2. unintelligible speech or conversation

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	hleð	hleðit	hleð	hleðitr
Acc.	hleð	hleðit	hleð	hleðit
Dat.	hleð	hleðit	hleðum	hleðitum
Gen.	hleðs	hleðits	hleðs	hleðit

hleð(a)

sv. /ɬeð/, from hleð

1. to make a noise

2. (colloquial) to speak in a manner inconvinencing other people around the speaker (e.g. loudly in a bus or on the train)

3. infinitive: hleð

4. imperative: hleð

5. imperative passive voice: hleðsk

6. present participle: hleðand

7. past pariciple: hleðat

person		Ind. Pres.	Subj. Pres.	Past	Passive
1s		hleðr	hleðir	hleðt	hleðumk
2s		hleðr	hleðir	hleðt	hleðsk
3s		hleðr	hleðir	hleðt	hleðsk
1p		hleðum	hleðim	hleðum	hleðumk
2p		hleðið	hleðið	hleðuð	hleðsk
3p		hleðið	hleðið	hleðuð	hleðsk

hlóð

wn.n. /l̥ɔð/, from ON hlóð

1. hearth
2. living room

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	hlóð	hlóðit	hlóðr	hlóðitr
Acc.	hlóð	hlóðit	hlóð	hlóðit
Dat.	hlóð	hlóðit	hlóðum	hlóðitum
Gen.	hlóðs	hlóðits	hlóðs	hlóðit

hlust(a)

wv. /ɬuʃt/, from ON hlusta

1. to listen to

2. infinitive: hlust

3. imperative: hlust

4. imperative passive voice: hlustask (except 1p hlustumk)

5. present participle: hlustand

6. past participle: hlustit

person		Indicative Present	Subjunctive Present	Past	Passive
1s		hlustr	hlustir	hlustat	hlustumk
2s		hlustr	hlustir	hlustat	hlustask
3s		hlustr	hlustir	hlustat	hlustask
1p		hlustum	hlustim	hlustum	hlustumk
2p		hlustið	hlustið	hlustuð	hlustask
3p		hlustið	hlustið	hlustuð	hlustask

Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase if there is one.

Example

1. Han hlustr henn

   He’s listening to her

2. Vér hlustum eigi

   We did not listen

hneis(a)

wn.f. /n̥ɑ:ɪs/, from ON hneisa

1. shame, disgrace, fear
2. reclusion (out of shame or out of fear)
3. social isolation

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	hneis	hneisat	hneisr	hneisatr
Acc.	hneis	hneisat	hneis	hneisat
Dat.	hneis	hneisat	hneisum	hneisatum
Gen.	hneisas	hneisats	hneisas	hneisat

hneising

wn.n. /n̥ɑɪsinɡ/

1. hermit
2. (modern) shut-in, hikikomori

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	hneising	hneisingit	hneisingr	hneisingitr
Acc.	hneising	hneisingit	hneising	hneisingit
Dat.	hneising	hneisingit	hneisingum	hneisingitum
Gen.	hneisings	hneisingits	hneisings	hneisingit

hnjós(a)

sv. /ɲ̥ɔ̀ːs/, from ON hnjósa

1. to sneeze

2. infinitive: hnjós

3. imperative: hnjós

4. imperative passive voice: hnjósask

5. present participle: hnjósand

6. past pariciple: hnjósit

person		Ind. Pres.	Subj. Pres.	Past	Passive
1s		hnjósr	hnjósir	hnjóst	hnjósumk
2s		hnjósr	hnjósir	hnjóst	hnjósask
3s		hnjósr	hnjósir	hnjóst	hnjósask
1p		hnjósum	hnjósim	hnjósum	hnjósumk
2p		hnjósið	hnjósið	hnjósuð	hnjósask
3p		hnjósið	hnjósið	hnjósuð	hnjósask

hrifs

wn.n. /r̥ivs/, from ON hrifs

1. assault, mugging

Alternative form: hrivs

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	hrifs	hrifsit	hrifsr	hrifsitr
Acc.	hrifs	hrifsit	hrifs	hrifsit
Dat.	hrifs	hrifsit	hrifsum	hrifsitum
Gen.	hrifs	hrifsits	hrifs	hrifsit

hug(a)

sv. /huj/

1. to mind, to think

2. to dwell on

3. to meditate

4. infinitive: hug

5. imperative: hug

6. imperative passive voice: hugask

7. present participle: hugand

8. past participle: hugit

person		Ind. Pres.	Subj. Pres.	Past	Passive
1s		hugar	hugir	hugat	hugumk
2s		hugar	hugir	hugat	hugisk
3s		hugar	hugir	hugat	hugisk
1p		hugum	hugim	hugum	hugumk
2p		hugið	hugið	huguð	hugisk
3p		hugið	hugið	huguð	hugisk

hugaleið(a)

wv. /ˌhujœˈlɑːɪð/, from hug(a) and leið(a)

1. lead, guide spiritually or philosophically

2. officiate a religious event

3. infinitive: hugaleið

4. imperative: hugaleið

5. imperative passive voice: hugaleiðask

6. present participhugale: hugaleiðand

7. past participhugale: hugaleiðit

person		Ind Pres	Subj. Pres.	Past	Pass.
1s		hugaleiðr	hugaleiðir	hugaleiðt	hugaleiðumk
2s		hugaleiðr	hugaleiðir	hugaleiðt	hugaleiððisk
3s		hugaleiðr	hugaleiðir	hugaleiðt	hugaleiððisk
1p		hugaleiðum	hugaleiðim	hugaleiðum	hugaleiðumk
2p		hugaleiðið	hugaleiðið	hugaleiðuð	hugaleiððisk
3p		hugaleiðið	hugaleiðið	hugaleiðuð	hugaleiððisk

hvar

pron. /ʍar/, from ON hvar

1. where

hvat

adv. /ʍɑt/, from ON hvat

1. what

hví

adv. /ʍè/, from ON hví

1. why

Alternative form: hve

hvíl(a)

wn.f. /ʍɛ̀l/, from ON hvíla

1. bedroom
2. family bed (dated)

Alternative form: hvel(a)

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	hvíl	hvílat	hvíll	hvílatr
Acc.	hvíl	hvílat	hvíl	hvílat
Dat.	hvíl	hvílat	hvílum	hvílatmu
Gen.	hvíls	hvílats	hvíls	hvílat

hvílskláð(i)

wn.n. /ˈʍèlskˌlɛ̀ð/, from hvíl and kláð

1. bedroom clothes, evening clothes

Alternative form: hvelskléð(i)

See kláð(i) for declensions.

hvít

adj. /ʍɛ̀t/, from ON hvítr

1. white

I

ikkí

interj. /ixːə/

1. How cold! Brr!

From an unkwnown Greenlandic language, compare with modern Greenlandic ikkii.

Í

J

já - jé

/jɛ̀/, from ON já

1. (adv) yes
2. (interj) yes (as an exclamation of joy)

K

kaup

wn.n. /kɔp/, from ON kaup

1. commerce
2. bargain, barter

Alternative form: kóp

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	kaup	kaupit	kaupr	kaupitr
Acc.	kaup	kaupit	kaup	kaupit
Dat.	kaup	kaupit	kaupum	kaupitum
Gen.	kaups	kaupits	kaups	kaupit

káppok

adj. /kɛ̀ɸːok/, from Greenlandic kaappoq

1. peckish, a little hungry

Alternative form: kéffok

kék

adj. /kɛk/

1. gray (hair colour)

Probably from a Greenlandic dialect, compare to West Greenlandic qeeq

kláð(a)

sv. /klɛ̀ð/, from ON kláða

1. to clothe

2. to drape something

3. to put cloth or clothes over something

4. infinitive: kláð

5. imperative: kláð

6. imperative passive voice: kláðask

7. present participle: kláðand

8. past pariciple: klánit

person		Ind. Pres.	Subj. Pres.	Past	Passive
1s		kláðr	kláðir	kláðt	kláðumk
2s		kláðr	kláðir	kláðt	kláðask
3s		kláðr	kláðir	kláðt	kláðask
1p		kláðum	kláðim	kláðum	kláðumk
2p		kláðið	kláðið	kláðuð	kláðask
3p		kláðið	kláðið	kláðuð	kláðask

Example

• Ek kláðr ná mik

  I’m dressing up

• Þú kláðt sáingin

  You made the bed / you put the sheets on the bed

kláð(i)

wn.n. /ˈklɛ̀ð/, from ON klæði

1. cloth
2. thing that covers
3. (pl) clothes

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	kláð	kláðit	kláðr	kláðitr
Acc.	kláð	kláðit	kláð	kláðit
Dat.	kláð	kláðit	kláðum	kláðitum
Gen.	kláðs	kláðits	kláðs	kláðit

kom(a)

iv. /kom/, from ON koma

1. to come

2. infinitive: kom

3. imperative: kom

4. imperative passive voice: komask

5. present participle: komand

6. past pariciple: kominn

person		Ind. Pres.	Subj. Pres.	Past	Passive
1s		kømr	kom	kœmt	kømumk
2s		kømr	kom	kœmt	kømsk
3s		kømr	kom	kœmt	kømsk
1p		komum	komim	kómum	kómumk
2p		komið	komið	kómuð	kómsk
3p		komið	komið	kómuð	kómsk

Konung

sn.m. /ˈkonoŋ/, from ON konungr

1. king

Alternative form: Konong

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	Konungr	Konunginn	Konungr	Konunginn
Acc.	Konung	Konungin	Konung	Konungin
Dat.	Konung	Konungin	Konungum	Konunginum
Gen.	Konungar	Konungins	Konungar	Konungin

konunɡliɡ

/konoŋlej/, from konung and suffix -lig.

1. adv. royaly
2. adj. royal

Alternative form: kononglej

kúr(a)

sv. /kòr/, from ON kúra

1. to nap (not in a bed or a rekkja)

Alternative form: kor(a)

• infinitive: kúr
• imperative: kúr
• imperative passive voice: kúrask
• present participle: kúrand
• past pariciple: kúrit

person		Ind. Pres.	Subj. Pres.	Past	Passive
1s		kúrr	kúrir	kúrt	kúrumk
2s		kúrr	kúrir	kúrt	kúrðisk
3s		kúrr	kúrir	kúrt	kúrðisk
1p		kúrum	kúrim	kúrum	kúrumk
2p		kúrið	kúrið	kúruð	kúrðisk
3p		kúrið	kúrið	kúruð	kúrðisk

L

land

sn.n. /land/, from ON land

1. land
2. country

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	land	landit	land	landitr
Acc.	land	landit	land	landit
Dat.	land	landit	landum	landitum
Gen.	lands	landits	lands	landit

leið(a)

wv. /lɑːɪð/, from ON leiða

1. to lead, to show the way

2. to drive (large transportation vehicles)

3. infinitive: leið

4. imperative: leið

5. imperative passive voice: leiðask

6. present participle: leiðand

7. past participle: leiðit

person		Ind Pres	Subj. Pres.	Past	Pass.
1s		leiðr	leiðir	leiðt	leiðumk
2s		leiðr	leiðir	leiðt	leiððisk
3s		leiðr	leiðir	leiðt	leiððisk
1p		leiðum	leiðim	leiðum	leiðumk
2p		leiðið	leiðið	leiðuð	leiððisk
3p		leiðið	leiðið	leiðuð	leiððisk

líf

sn.n. /lèv/, from ON líf

1. life
2. spirit, soul

Alternative form: lef

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	líf	lífit	líf	lífitr
Acc.	líf	lífit	líf	lífit
Dat.	líf	lífit	lífum	lífitum
Gen.	lífs	lífits	lífs	lífit

hav líf

1. to be energetic
2. to be enthusiastic, positive

lífsván

sn.f. /ˌlèfsˈvɛ̀n/, from líf and ván

1. raison d’être
2. life hope
3. vocation, calling, mission

Alternative form: lefsvén

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	lífsvánn	lífsváninn	lífsvánn	lífsváninn
Acc.	lífsván	lífsvánin	lífsván	lífsvánin
Dat.	lífsván	lífsvánin	lífsvánum	lífsváninum
Gen.	lífsvánn	lífsvánins	lífsvánn	lífsvánin

lykil

wn.m. /lykil/, from ON lykill

1. key (to a keyhole, to a lock,…)
2. musical key

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	lykil	lykilit	lykill	lykilitr
Acc.	lykil	lykilit	lykil	lykilit
Dat.	lykil	lykilit	lykilum	lykilitum
Gen.	lykils	lykilits	lykils	lykilit

M

mastergrað(a)

wn.n. /ˈmaʃterˌɡrað/, from English Master and Middle Eittlandic graða (see grað(a))

1. Master’s degree

See grað(a) for declensions.

metr(o)

wn.n. /metr/, from French “métro”

1. subway, underground

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	metr	metrot	metror	metrotr
Acc.	metr	metrot	metr	metrot
Dat.	metr	metrot	metrum	metrotum
Gen.	metros	metrots	metros	metrot

See also undirland

með

adv. /með/

1. with
2. prefix with, co-smth. See

Meðkonung

sn.m. /meðˈkonoŋ/, see með and konung

1. Co-King

Alternative form: Meðkonong

See Konung for declension.

mið

adj. /mið/, from ON miðr

1. middle (physically and temporaly)
2. midways

myrgun

in.m. /ˈmyrɡun/, /mʏʁːʊn/ in some dialects, from ON myrgunn

1. morning, aurora

In the Eittlandic culture, morning only lasts from the first lights of the day to the moment the sun is actually up in the sky, no longer bordering the horizon. It is then perfectly possible for Eittlanders to consider this is no longer morning at 9AM in the summer as the sun has already been up for some time by then.

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	myrgunn	myrninn	myrnar	myrnann
Acc.	myrgun	myrnin	myrn	myrnan
Dat.	myrn	myrnin	myrnum	myrnanum
Gen.	myrnar	myrnins	myrnar	myrnan

N

ná

adv. /nɛ̀/, from ON ná

1. now

   Example

   Ná kom ek frá universitetit.

   I come from the university now.

2. intensifier, used at the end of sentences

   Example

   Ek kom frá universitetit ná!

   • I come from the university (you know)

   or

   • (I’ll have you know) I come from the university!

3. progressive marker when placed right after the verb

   Example

   Ek kom ná frá universitetit.

   I’m coming from the university.

Alternative form: né

náng

interj. /nɛŋ/

1. negative counter-factual, see the questions section of the grammar

Alternative form: néng

This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare Aleut nangaa and Proto-Eskimoan *nanka, and Western Greenlandic naagga.

nei

/nɑɪ/, from ON nei

1. (adv.) no
2. (interj) no, as an exclamation of panic, regret

norvegsúlf

sn.m. /ˈnorβejsˌòlv/, from ON Noregs (genitive of ON Noregr) and ON úlfr

1. wolf, litt. Norway’s wolf.

Alternative form: norvejsólv

Wolves do not naturally live in Eittland. Their only relatives introduced to the island were dogs and wolf-dogs, and the latter inherited the simpler úlfr term. Noun composed by Old Norse noregs (genitive of Noregr, Norway) and úlfr.

For declensions, see úlf.

O

opt

adv. /oɸt/, from ON opt

1. often

Alternative form: oft

Ó

óglað

adj. /ˈɔ̀ɡʲœð/, from ON óglaðr

1. very sad, depressed, miserable

Alternative form: ógjœð

óss

sn.m. /ɔ̀sː/, from ON óss

1. river mouth
2. fjord mouth

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	óssr	óssinn	óssr	óssinn
Acc.	óss	óssin	óss	óssin
Dat.	óss	óssin	óssum	óssinum
Gen.	óssar	óssinan	óssar	óssin

P

pengvin

wn.n. /ˈpeŋβen/, from French pingouin through Danish pingvin

1. penguin

Alternative form: pengven

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	pengvin	pengvinit	pengvinn	pengvinitr
Acc.	pengvin	pengvinit	pengvin	pengvinit
Dat.	pengvin	pengvinit	pengvinum	pengvinitum
Gen.	pengvins	pengvinits	pengvins	pengvinit

pos(i)

wn.n. /pos/, from Greenlandic puisi

1. posi, Eittlandic seal

Alternative form: pos(e)

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	pos	posit	posr	positr
Acc.	pos	posit	pos	posit
Dat.	pos	posit	posum	positum
Gen.	poss	posits	poss	posit

R

ráðuneyt(i)

wn.m. /ˈrɛ̀ðoˌnœʏt/, from OI ráðuneyti

1. Ministry
2. department

Alternative form: réðoneyt

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	ráðuneyt	ráðuneytit	ráðuneytr	ráðuneytitr
Acc.	ráðuneyt	ráðuneytit	ráðuneyt	ráðuneytit
Dat.	ráðuneyt	ráðuneytit	ráðuneytum	ráðuneytitum
Gen.	ráðuneyts	ráðuneytits	ráðuneyts	ráðuneytit

rekkja (noun)

wn.f. /rekxə/, from ON rekkja

1. nap, siesta
2. makeshift bed, napping bed
3. object on which one can sleep, but whose main use is not necessarily that of a bed

It is not unusual to find in Eittland in workplaces a half mattress in a corner of a room or near a wall. They are usually used to nap, by sitting on them with one’s back against the wall or in a fœtal position. These can be found both in offices as well as on manual workers’ workplaces.

This practice is however slowly disappearing, especially in urban areas.

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	rekkja	rekkjat	rekkjar	rekkjatn
Acc.	rekkja	rekkjat	rekkja	rekkjat
Dat.	rekkja	rekkjat	rekkjum	rekkjatum
Gen.	rekkjas	rekkjats	rekkjas	rekkjat

rekkja (verb)

wv. /rexː/, from ON

1. to nap in a bed

2. infinitive: rekkja

3. imperative: rekkja

4. imperative passive voice: rekkjask

5. present participle: rekkjand

6. past pariciple: rekkjit

person		Ind. Pres.	Subj. Pres.	Past	Passive
1s		rekkjar	rekkjir	rekkjat	rekkjumk
2s		rekkjar	rekkjir	rekkjat	rekkjaðisk
3s		rekkjar	rekkjir	rekkjat	rekkjaðisk
1p		rekkjum	rekkjim	rekkjum	rekkjumk
2p		rekkjið	rekkjið	rekkjuð	rekkjaðisk
3p		rekkjið	rekkjið	rekkjuð	rekkjaðisk

rekkláð

wn.n. /ˈrekːˌlɛ̀ð/, from rekkja and kláð(i)

1. pyjama, litt “napping clothes”

	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	rekkláðr	rekkláðitr
Acc.	rekkláð	rekkláðit
Dat.	rekkláðum	rekkláðitum
Gen.	rekkláðs	rekkláðit

S

samrekkja

wv. /ˈsamˌrekxə/, from rekkja

1. sleep with someone
2. to have sex with someone (euphemism)

See rekkja for conjugaison.

sáing

sn.f. /ˈsɛ̀jŋ/, from ON sæing

1. bed

Alternative form: séing

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	sáingr	sáinginn	sáingr	sáinginn
Acc.	sáing	sáingin	sáing	sáingin
Dat.	sáing	sáingin	sáingum	sáinginum
Gen.	sáingar	sáingins	sáingar	sáingin

sáingkláð

wn.n. /ˈsɛ̀jnˌklɛ̀ð/, from sáing and kláð

1. bed sheets, litt. “bed clothes”

Alternative form: séingkléð

See kláð for declensions.

sitj(a)

iv. /siːʃː/, from ON sitja

1. to sit

2. to represent (politics)

3. infinitive: sit

4. imperative: sit

5. imperative passive voice: sitask

6. present participle: sitjand

7. past pariciple: sitit

person		Ind. Pres.	Subj. Pres.	Past	Passive
1s		sitr	sitjir	sat	sitjumk
2s		sitr	sitjir	sat	sitjask
3s		sitr	sitjir	sat	sitjask
1p		sitjum	sitjim	setum	sitjumk
2p		sitið	sitjið	setuð	sitjask
3p		sitið	sitjið	setuð	sitjask

sjá

iv. /ʃɛ̀/, from ON sjá

1. to see
2. to understand

Alternative form: sjé

• infinitive: sjá
• imperative: sjá
• imperative passive voice: sjásk
• present participle: sjánd
• past pariciple: sját

person		Ind. Pres.	Subj. Pres.	Past	Passive
1s		sér	sjár	sját	sjúmk
2s		sér	sjár	sját	sjásk
3s		sér	sjár	sját	sjásk
1p		sjam	sjám	sjátum	sjúmk
2p		sjéð	sjáð	sjátuð	sjásk
3p		sjáð	sjáð	sjátuð	sjásk

skilj(a)

sv. /ʃkiːʎ/, from ON skilja

1. to differenciate
2. to segregate, to separate
3. to understand a difference

Alternative form: skij

• infinitive: skilja
• imperative: skilja
• imperative passive voice: skiljask
• present participle: skiljand
• past pariciple: skit

person		Ind. Pres.	Subj. Pres.	Past	Passive
1s		skiljar	skiljir	skiljat	skiljumk
2s		skiljar	skiljir	skiljat	skiljask
3s		skiljar	skiljir	skiljat	skiljask
1p		skiljum	skiljim	skiljum	skiljumk
2p		skiljið	skiljið	skiljuð	skiljask
3p		skiljið	skiljið	skiljuð	skiljask

smársov

iv. /smɛ̀rsoβ/, from sov(a)

1. to nap in a proper bed

   See sov(a) for conjugaison.

snjór

sn.m. /sɲɔ̀r/, from ON snjór

1. snow

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	snjórr	snjórinn	snjórr	snjórinn
Acc.	snjór	snjórin	snjór	snjórin
Dat.	snjór	snjórin	snjórum	snjórinum
Gen.	snjórar	snjórins	snjórar	snjórin

sov(a)

iv. /soβ/, from ON sofa

1. to sleep

2. infinitive: sov

3. imperative: sov

4. imperative passive voice: sovask

5. present participle: sovand

6. past pariciple: sovin

person		Ind. Pres.	Subj. Pres.	Past	Passive
1s		søv	sovir	soft	sovumk
2s		søvr	sovir	soft	sovdask
3s		søvr	sovir	soft	sovdask
1p		sovum	sovim	sávum	sovumk
2p		sovið	sovið	sávuð	sovdask
3p		sovið	sovið	sávuð	sovdask

styrsamhald(i)

sn.n. /ˈʃtyrˌsamhald/, from ON styrr (stir, battle) and samhaldi (a holding together, unity).

1. military batallion
2. mitilary unit, group

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	styrsamhald	styrsamhaldit	styrsamhald	styrsamhalditr
Acc.	styrsamhald	styrsamhaldit	styrsamhald	styrsamhaldit
Dat.	styrsamhald	styrsamhaldit	styrsamhaldum	styrsamhalditum
Gen.	styrsamhalds	styrsamhaldits	styrsamhalds	styrsamhaldit

T

tal(a)

wn.f. /tal/, from ON tala

1. number

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	tal	talat	tall	talatr
Acc.	tal	talat	tal	talat
Dat.	tal	talat	talum	talatum
Gen.	tals	talats	tals	talat

tren

wn.n. /tren/, from English train

1. train

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	tren	trenit	trenn	trenitr
Acc.	tren	trenit	tren	trenit
Dat.	tren	trenit	trenum	trenitum
Gen.	trens	trenits	trens	trenit

U

undir

adj. /undir/, from ON undir

1. under, underneath, below

Can only be used with accusative or dative.

Example

Bókinn er undir borðitum.

bók-inn	er	undir	borð-itum
book-DEF.NOM.SG.C	be.3sg.PRES.IND	under	table-DEF.DAT.SG.N

The book is under the table

undirland

sn.n. /ˈundirˌland/, calque of English “underground” using undir and land

1. underground, subway

See also metr(o)

See land for declensions.

universitet

wn.n. /oneˈβersetet/, from German Universität

1. university

Alternative form: oneversetet

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	universitet	universitetit	universitetr	universitetitr
Acc.	universitet	universitetit	universitet	universitetit
Dat.	universitet	universitetit	universitetum	universitetitum
Gen.	universitets	universitetits	universitets	universitetit

uppá

prep. /ˈuɸːə̀/, from ON uppá

1. upon

Alternative form: offá

Ú

úlf

sn.m. /òlv/, from ON úlfr

1. wolf-dog. See also noregsúlfr.

Alternative form: olv

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	úlfr	úlfinn	úlfr	úlfinn
Acc.	úlf	úlfin	úlf	úlfin
Dat.	úlf	úlfin	úlfum	úlfinum
Gen.	úlfar	úlfins	úlfar	úlfin

V

ván

sn.f. /βɛ̀n/, from ON ván

1. hope
2. wish

Alternative form: vén

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	vánn	váninn	vánn	váninn
Acc.	ván	vánin	ván	vánin
Dat.	ván	vánin	vánum	váninum
Gen.	vánn	vánins	vánn	vánin

ván(a)

sv. /βɛ̀n/, from ON vána

1. to hope
2. to wish for

Uses a dative for its second argument.

Alternative form: vén(a)

• infinitive: ván
• imperative: ván
• imperative passive voice: vánask
• present participle: vánand
• past participle: vánit

person		Ind. Present	Sub. Present	Past	Passive
1s		vánn	vánir	vánt	vánumk
2s		vánn	vánir	vánt	vándisk
3s		vánn	vánir	vánt	vándisk
1p		vánum	vánim	vánum	vánumk
2p		vánið	vánið	vánuð	vándisk
3p		vánið	vánið	vánuð	vándisk

veisheit

wn.f. /ˈβɑɪshɑɪt/, from German Weisheit, see also visk(a)

1. knowledge or wisdom
2. insight

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	veisheit	veisheitit	veisheitr	veisheititr
Acc.	veisheit	veisheitit	veisheit	veisheitit
Dat.	veisheit	veisheitit	veisheitum	veisheititum
Gen.	veisheits	veisheitits	veisheits	veisheitit

ver(a)

iv. /βer/, from ON vera

1. to be
2. active auxilliary

Inflexions

• infinitive: ver
• imperative: ver
• present participle: verand
• past participle: vert

	Ind. Pres.	Subj. Pres.	Ind. Past	Subj. Past
1s	em	sé	var	vár
2s	ert	sér	vart	vár
3s	er	sé	var	vár
1p	er	sé	var	vár
2p	eruð	séð	varð	várið
3p	er	sé	var	vár

vest

adv. /βeʃt/, from ON vestr

1. West, westward

vél

sn.f. /βɛl/, from ON vél

1. machine, craft

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	véll	vélinn	véll	vélinn
Acc.	vél	vélin	vél	vélin
Dat.	vél	vélin	vélum	vélinum
Gen.	vélar	vélins	vélar	vélin

vétal(a)

wn.f. /ˈβɛ̀tal/, portemanteau of vél and tal(a)

1. computer

See tal(a) for declensions.

vit

interj. /βit/

1. question marker, see yes/no questions, probably from a Greenlandic dialect, see Greenlandic interrogative moods.

visk(a)

wn.f. /βiʃk/, from ON vizka

1. practical knowledge or wisdom, acquired from experience

See veisheit for a more general term for wisdow

	Sg.	Def.Sg.	Pl.	Def.Pl.
Nom.	visk	viskit	viskr	viskitr
Acc.	visk	viskit	visk	viskit
Dat.	visk	viskit	viskum	viskitum
Gen.	visks	viskits	visks	viskit

Y

Ý

Z

Ø

Œ

Œgir

pn. /ˈœjer/

1. A mythical beast residing in the forests of the western Eittlandic fjords.

Alternative form: Œjer

Đ

Þ